Bats are the only mammals (哺乳动物) that can fly a great distance, but they have another ability. Many bats live a very long time for an animal of their size. European researchers are studying bats to understand why they live so long. They hope to make discoveries aimed at fighting the aging process in human beings.
Last week, the group of scientists said they had identified important biological qualities in some bat species. The group studied bat’s chromosomes (染色体), a line of genes found in the nucleus of cells. The scientists were most interested in structures connected to the ends of chromosomes. They are called telomeres (端粒), which protect the ends of chromosomes and shorten each time a cell divides (分裂). Scientists believed this shortening process causes cells to break down. They said this is what causes aging.
The European researchers studied 493 bats from four bat species. The group used information that had been gathered over more than 60 years. Of these animals, the greater mouse-eared bats generally lived the longest, an average of 37 years. The scientists said this and a related species, which are grouped together under the name Myotis, have telomeres that do not shorten with age. One Myotis bat holds the record for the oldest age, reaching 41 years. The scientists' findings suggested that these bats' cells have the ability to maintain and repair their telomeres. This, they said, helps guard bats against the aging process.
Based on its body size, a bat like the greater mouse-eared bat would expected to live four years. But, these mammals have been found to live nearly 10 times longer than that. The scientists found that only 19 species of mammals live longer than humans when their body size is considered. Eighteen of these are bats.
1.What's the main purpose of European researchers studying bats?
A.To learn the living habits of bats.
B.To find out why bats enjoy a long life.
C.To try to understand why bats can fly as mammals.
D.To discover a good way to prevent human beings from aging.
2.What does the second paragraph mainly explain to us?
A.The structures of bats' chromosomes.
B.What causes aging biologically.
C.The functions of telomeres
D.What causes cells to break down.
3.Why do the greater mouse-eared bats live so long?
A.Because they are grouped together under the name Myotis.
B.Because their telomeres decrease with age.
C.Because their cells are able to keep and fix their telomeres
D.Because their bodies produce more telomeres than human beings
4.What can we know from the last paragraph?
A.Bats live 10 times longer than human beings.
B.Bats enjoy the longest life among mammals
C.Bats like the greater mouse-eared bats should have lived longer.
D.Most of the mammals living longer than human beings considering their body size are bats.
I had often dreamt of the possibility of spending a year away from my hometown of Leeds in England, living in a foreign country. When I was old enough, however, I thought that my language was going to hold me back.
However, luckily for me, University of Leeds, where I was studying at the time, made it possible for any student, even people like me speaking only one language, to study abroad. Before I knew it I was boarding a plane for Salzburg, Austria. I wasn’t quite sure what to expect of the experience ahead of me but I was prepared to accept the challenge.
The university was quite small but the classes were large. Also, Austrian students usually take five years to complete their courses, so studying there was somewhat more relaxing than at home. Austrian students go home quite often, too. Therefore, the foreign students had to socialise with each other quite a lot, which didn’t help with our language skills.
Salzburg itself is a picture-postcard Austrian city. It is also famous for being the birthplace of Mozart and the setting for The Sound of Music. As a result, it is usually very busy with tourists. I also found that it doesn’t have a lot of entertainment for young people, in comparison with Leeds.
There are, however, many advantages of living in Salzburg. For example, get on a train and you can be in Prague, Rome or Krakow within a matter of hours. By the end of my year in Salzburg, I had visited eight other countries in Europe.
After spending a year overseas, I went back to my courses in Leeds and I was much more focused on what I wanted to get out of my last year and more appreciative of the opportunity the university provided. The year in Salzburg really showed me that you get a lot more out of a place when you live there compared to when you are just travelling through. I’d recommend all students spend a year studying abroad if they can.
1.In the author’s opinion, what may have prevented his studying abroad?
A.His not being old enough. B.His fearing the culture shock.
C.His becoming homesick easily. D.His not knowing a foreign language.
2.Compared with University of Leeds, the university in Salzburg ________ .
A.provides more social events B.has longer university years
C.has more foreign students D.offers more small classes
3.One advantage the author mentions about Salzburg is that ________ .
A.it’s convenient for people to travel B.it has a high-speed rail network
C.it’s the hometown of Mozart D.it’s full of foreign tourists
4.What does the author think of his experience of studying abroad?
A.He benefited a lot from it. B.He thought it made no difference to him.
C.It was far from what he had expected. D.It badly affected his studies at home.
单句改错
1.The volunteers were filled with angry when they heard all the homeless dogs had been killed.
_________________________________________________________
2.I must admit that I haven’t taken my studies serious in the past few months.
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3.From her amazing look, I knew that she hadn’t expected the result of the game.
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4.---Hi, Mark. How was the musical evening?
--Excellent! Ales and Andy performed skillful and they won first prize.
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5.The harder the young students worked, the more energy they became.
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6.They are gently, friendly and very tolerant of children.
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7.When the teacher praised him for working out the maths problem, Jack looked proud around at his classmates.
__________________________________________________________
8.Translated into English, the sentence was found to have an entire different word order.
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造词填空（变为同义句）
1.We got surprised when we found out the truth.
→We had a big__________when we found out the truth.
2.He had a quick look at the letter and smiled.
→He__________at the letter quickly and smiled.
3.A recent trip to London gave me the opportunity to make a visit to the Science Museum.
→A recent trip to London gave me the opportunity to________the Science Museum.
4.They made a guess that he might get first place in the exam.
→They_______________that he might get first place in the exam.
5.I asked her what her name was, but she made no reply.
→I asked her what her name was, but she didn’t __________.
6.There was a change of plan to go no holiday.
→They___________the plan to go no holiday.
7.If you have anything to discuss with me, don’t hesitate to give me a ring.
→If you have anything to discuss with me, don’t hesitate to _____________me_________.
8.He likes to make a fool of his classmates in public, which is so annoying.
→He likes to ___________his classmates in public, which is so annoying.
假设你是红星中学的高二学生李华，你校的交换生Tom对共享单车感到新奇，请你写一份邮件，邀请他去体验共享单车。
内容包括：
1. 现象
2. 共享单车兴起的原因
3. 约Tom周末骑共享单车
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语法填空
There are several tips on how to deal with sleep anxiety. The most popular and helpful method is music. There are lots of music and songs which 1.(design)by doctors and experts recently.
Secondly, sleeping pills have helped many people since they were made. Although medicine is not the first choice for some people, and others refuse it, it can be fairly beneficial. It 2.(help) a lot of people stay asleep, so they wake up more excited and full of energy.
Relaxation techniques are also very useful. One of them is to slowly tighten every muscle in your body. Count to 20, and then just relax. 3. (do) this five or six times will help you a lot.
Another tip is to learn how 4. (trust) yourself. Sometimes the greatest progress in 5. (deal) with anxiety happens when you improve your mental strength.
Finally, a big help for sleep anxiety is to work hard during the day. If you work hard and stay busy throughout the day, you will not find yourself 6. (worry) and you’ll fall asleep faster.
