Question

Cloze

Have you ever heard of cryosurgery? Cryosurgery involves freezing tissues to extremely cool temperatures. It is a procedure in which ______ body tissues are destroyed by ______ them to extremely cold temperatures. The temperatures used range from -150℃ to absolute zero. The surgical procedure freezes unhealthy tissues, and the freezing destroys the _______. For external injuries, liquid nitrogen (氮), which has a temperature of -196℃, is applied ______ to the cells. For  internal tumors (内部肿瘤), liquid nitrogen is circulated( 流通), through an instrument(仪器) called a cryoprob (冷冻探针), a low-temperature probe(探针), cooled by liquid nitrogen.

How does cryosurgery destroy cells? The ice created by the liquid nitrogen will destroy nearly all cells that it _______ in contact with. As ice forms around a cell, the free water inside the cell is ______. This causes the cell to shrink and the walls inside the cell to collapse. Poisonous proteins or chemicals within the cell are released. ______, as the ice around shrunken(收缩) cells begins to melt(融化), large amounts of free water rush back inside the cells, causing them to burst. The dead cells are then removed through normal ________ process.

How well does cryosurgery work? The procedure(过程) has proved successful in removing some tumors. Cryosurgery may be used _______ to remove freckles (for cosmetic reasons) and to treat some skin cancers. It is also used in the treatment of bone cancer to freeze internal bone hollow. Cryosurgery has developed from the _______ attempts to freeze tissues with a salt-ice mixture in the 1850s to the complicated cryoprobe method used today. Despite its success, side effects from cryosurgery tend to be worse if it is done in men who have already had radiation therapy(辐射疗法). Therefore this kind of new surgery is not fit for everyone.

1.A.healthy B.abnormal C.normal D.lively

2.A.exposing B.applying C.adapting D.leading

3.A.tissues B.proteins C.chemicals D.cells

4.A.completely B.directly C.rapidly D.slowly

5.A.keeps B.comes C.stays D.loses

6.A.drawn off B.made out C.made up D.drawn away

7.A.Gradually B.Eventually C.Immediately D.Slowly

8.A.bodily B.mentally C.chemical D.surgical

9.A.as well B.as if C.as for D.as long as

10.A.last B.wrong C.first D.right

Answer

1.B

2.A

3.D

4.B

5.B

6.A

7.B

8.A

9.A

10.C

【解析】

本文是一篇说明文，介绍了冷冻手术的手术过程、原理和现在的应用，最后告诉大家冷冻手术并不适用于所有人。

1.考查形容词。句意：这是一种将异常的身体组织暴露在极冷的温度下而被破坏的过程。A. healthy健康的；B. abnormal异常的；C. normal正常的；D. lively活泼的。根据常识，只有异常的身体组织才需要被破坏。故选B项。

2.考查动词。句意：这是一种将异常的身体组织暴露在极冷的温度下而被破坏的过程。A. exposing揭露；B. applying运用；C. adapting适应；D. leading领导。冷冻手术需要将身体组织暴露在极冷的温度下，故选A项。

3.考查名词。句意：手术过程会冻结不健康的组织，而冷冻会破坏细胞。A. tissues组织；B. proteins蛋白质；C. chemicals化学物质；D. cells细胞。后文提到极低的温度会直接作用于细胞。故选D项。

4.考查副词。句意：对于外部损伤，液氮的温度为-196℃，直接作用于细胞。A. completely完全地；B. directly直接地；C. rapidly快速地；D. slowly缓慢地。前文提到要将身体组织直接暴露在极低的温度下，可知此处是“直接”作用于细胞。故选B项。

5.考查固定搭配。句意：液氮形成的冰将摧毁几乎所有与之接触的细胞。come in contact with意为“接触”，为固定短语，符合此处描述的语境。故选B项。

6.考查动词短语。句意：当冰层在细胞周围形成时，细胞内的自由水被抽出。A. drawn off抽出；B. made out制成；C. made up组成；D. drawn away开走。后文提到当细胞周围的冰开始融化时，大量的自由水又回到细胞内部。可知此处的自由水先被抽出。故选A项。

7.考查副词。句意：最终，当收缩的细胞周围的冰开始融化时，大量的自由水又涌回细胞内部，导致细胞破裂。A. Gradually逐渐地；B. Eventually最终地；C. Immediately立即地；D. Slowly 慢慢地。此处强调细胞破裂的这个结果。故选B项。

8.考查副词。句意：死亡细胞通过正常的身体过程被移除。A. bodily身体地；B. mentally精神地；C. chemical化学地；D. surgical外科地。根据常识，死亡的细胞都是通过自身的新陈代谢排出体外的。故选A项。

9.考查短语辨析。句意：冷冻手术也可以用来去除雀斑（为了美容）和治疗一些皮肤癌。A. as well也；B. as if好像；C. as for至于；D. as long as只要。根据后文to remove freckles (for cosmetic reasons) and to treat some skin cancers.可知，此处说明冷冻手术也可用于其他用途，故选A项。

10.考查形容词。句意：冷冻外科已经从19世纪50年代第一次尝试用盐冰混合物冷冻组织发展到今天使用的复杂的冷冻探针方法。A. last最后的；B. wrong错误的；C. first第一；D. right 正确。由下文的to the complicated cryoprobe method used today可推断，第一次尝试是19世纪50年代。故选C项。