Question

Bridging the gap

How does a principal investigator make communication among deaf and hearing colleagues easier? Moreover, how are the large number of field-specific technical terms _______— and communicated in sign language? These _______ differences are not remarkably challenging to work around.

Blumberg taught himself American Sign Language and has interpreters  _______ in the lab during the day. For lab meetings, journal clubs and research seminars, he has two interpreters present t0 tag-team signing. Costs for the interpreters are _______ by the NIH's Office of Research Services. The only learning curve that he experienced, Blumberg says, was realizing he needed _______ interpreters, Before, when he had one deaf student, he could _______ the interpreting. As more deaf fellows joined, Blumberg _______ full-time interpreters for help.

Having interpreters around all day is not necessary though. " _______ . interpreters are only needed during the day if we're having lab meeting, classes, important functions or events, or _______ -poster presentations, student presentations, guest presentations from ________________ scientists, Lundberg says. "The rest of the day, I do not need an interpreter, ________________ I'm in lab and it's independent work.”

During his Ph.D. at the University of Minnesota, Lundberg used online chat platforms to ________________ with his adviser and colleagues. Or he wrote ________________ a whiteboard, scratch paper, or paper towels. His adviser later ________________ that he keep the scraps of paper, which “was really good advice," Lundberg says, "because they were really good notes."

The best way to arrange the most suitable accommodations for deaf individuals is to ask them ________________ they need, says Derek Braun, a former postdoctoral fellow with Blumberg and currently a professor of biology at Gallaudet University. One of his ongoing projects is a collaboration with Blumberg and Lundberg to investigate the role of Ras guanyl nucleotide (鸟苷核苷酸) — releasing proteins in cancer. ________________ deaf people sign, Braun says. "Some are oral. Really, we come in every flavor imaginable. The best judge of what that person needs is usually the person?

Signing scientific terms is not unusually challenging either. While no standardized set of signs for technical words exists, colleagues working in the same lab develop their own signs for the terms they frequently use. If each lab develops signs ________________, what happens when members of different labs meet?

Larry Pearce, a technician in Blumberg’s lab ________________ is deaf, explains to me, “ It's really not that difficult, because when an individual does not understand a sign we use, they'll ask for clarifications (说明) and I'll finger-spell. I’ll spell ________________ out. They will tell me what their sign is, and I'll tell them what our sign is. If I like their sign better, I might adopt it and use it every day, or vice-versa (反之亦然), and eventually it becomes more ________________

1.A.adapted B.adopted C.adjusted D.announced

2.A.culture B.pronunciation C.communication D.habit

3.A.stationed B.canned C.cupped D.capped

4.A.counted B.contained C.included D.covered

5.A.better B.fewer C.more D.less

6.A.carry out B.carry on C.make out D.make up

7.A.turned B.sought C.referred D.led

8.A.In particular B.In general C.In conclusion D.In word

9.A.colleagues B.interpreters C.presentations D.accommodations

10.A.another B.any C.others D.other

11.A.because B.though C.whether D.unless

12.A.write B.read C.listen D.speak

13.A.below B.on C.in D.beyond

14.A.knew B.suggested C.discovered D.noticed

15.A.which B.that C.what D.if

16.A.Not all B.All C.Few D.Not enough

17.A.independently B.dependently C.secretly D.occasionally

18.A.where B.which C.who D.when

19.A.them B.me C.myself D.it

20.A.essential B.particular C.related D.universal

Answer

1.B

2.C

3.A

4.D

5.C

6.A

7.B

8.B

9.C

10.D

11.A

12.D

13.B

14.B

15.C

16.A

17.A

18.C

19.D

20.D

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了以Blumberg为负责人的科学家探索研究出供聋哑人交流的手势语，以架起聋哑人与正常人之间的沟通桥梁。

1.考查动词词义辨析。句意：此外，如何采用大量具体领域的技术术语，并以授予进行交流？A. adapt使适应；B. adopt采用；C. adjust调整；D. announce宣布。B项符合语境，文章最后一句同一词再现。故选B。

2.考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些沟通差异对于解决这些问题并不十分困难。A. culture文化；B. pronunciation发音；C. communication沟通；D. habit习惯。根据第一句话How does a principal investigator make communication among deaf and hearing colleagues easier?可知，C项符合语境，故选C。

3.考查动词词义辨析。句意：Blumberg自学了美国手语，且白天在实验室里驻派了翻译。A. station派驻，把某人安置到某地；B. can将……装入密封；C. cup使成杯形；D. cap覆盖。由语境可知，A项符合文意，故选A。

4.考查动词词义辨析。句意：口译员的费用由NIH研究服务办公室支付。 A. counted算作、包括；B. contained包含；C. included包括、计入；D. covered支付款项。根据句子可知，costs意为费用，cover the cost意为“支付费用”，故D项符合文意，故选D。

5.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Blumberg说，他经历的唯一学习曲线是意识到他需要更多的口译员。A. better更好的；B. fewer更少的；C. more更多的；D. less更少的。后文提到“As more deaf fellows joined…”，当他只有一个聋哑学生的时候他自己就可以完成翻译，但随着聋哑学生增多时，他就需要更多的翻译，more修饰可数名词复数，故选C。

6.考查动词短语辨析。句意：以前，当他有一个聋哑学生的时候，他还可以自己进行翻译。A. carry out完成；执行；B. carry on继续进行；C. make out辨别，理解；D. make up构成，弥补，化妆。由语境可知，A项符合文意，故选A。

7.考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着更多的聋哑学生加入，Blumberg就会寻求全职译员的帮助。A. turned转向，转身；B. sought寻找；C. referred引用，提到；D. led领导，导致。seek寻求，符合语境；A/C需加to；D带领，不合逻辑。故选B。

8.考查介词短语辨析。句意：一般来说，只有句型实验室会议、课程、重要活动或项目时，才需要解释。8. A. In particular尤其、特别；B. In general通常来讲；C. In conclusion总而言之，D. In word口头上。根据语境可知，B项符合语境，故选B。

9.考查名词词义辨析。句意：一般来说，只有句型实验室会议、课程、重要活动或展示——如海报展示、学生展示。A. colleagues同事、同行；B. interpreters译员；C. presentations展示、阐述；D. accommodations食宿。破折号后是对前文的解释说明，由此可知，C项符合文意，故选C。

10.考查代词词义辨析。句意：一般来说，只有句型实验室会议、课程、重要活动或展示——如海报展示、学生展示以及其他科学家的展示。A. another另一个；B. any任何的；C. others不同的；D. other其他的。other常用来修饰可数名词复数，根据文章可知，此空不指代具体的科学家。由此可知，D项符合文意，故选D。

11.考查连词词义辨析。句意：接下来的日子，我不需要翻译，因为我在实验室里，这是一项独立工作。A. because因为；B. though虽然，尽管；C. whether是否；D. unless除非。分析文章可知，空处后一句是对“不需要翻译”的解释说明，因此需使用从属连词，引导原因状语从句。由此可知，A相符合文意。故选A。

12.考查动词词义辨析。句意：在明尼苏达大学攻读博士学位期间，Lundberg利用在线聊天平台与顾问和同事进行交流。A. write写；B. read读；C. listen听；D. speak说。根据文章可知，online chat platforms是在线聊天的平台，speak with意为“和……谈话”，由此可知，D项符合文意，故选D。

13.考查介词词义辨析。句意：或者他会写在白板、纸或纸巾上。A. below在……下面；B. on在……上面；C. in在……里面；D. beyond超出，在……较远的一边。根据文章可知，write on为固定搭配，意为“在……上写”，B项符合文意，故选B。

14.考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的顾问随后建议道，他应该保留小纸片，而这是一个非常好的建议。A. knew知道；B. suggested建议；C. discovered发现；D. noticed注意。分析文章可知，从句中的谓语在第三人称单数后使用了“（should）+动词原形”的形式，由此可判断该处应使用虚拟语气。由此可知，B项符合文意，故选B。

15.考查连接词辨析。句意：为聋哑学生安排最合适住宿的最佳方式是询问他们需要什么。A. which哪一个；B. that那个；C. what什么；D. if如果。分析句子可知，该句为宾语从句，what 引导宾语从句，并在从句中作宾语。故选C。

16.考查部分否定。句意：并不是所有的聋哑人都需要手势。A. Not all并不是所有；B. All所有的；C. Few极少的；D. Not enough远远不够。分析句子可知，后文中提到“some are oral”，说明不是所有的聋哑人都是一个情况，应使用部分否定。由此可知，A项符合文意，故选A。

17.考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果每个实验室都独立地开发手势，那当不同实验室的成员相遇时会发生什么？A. independently独立地；B. dependently依赖地；C. secretly秘密地；D. occasionally偶尔地。文中倒数第二段提到“While no standardized set of signs for technical words exists, colleagues working in the same lab develop their own signs for the terms they frequently use.”现阶段的技术用词没有统一的标准，同一个实验室的人员会根据他们经常使用的词来发明他们的手势。后文提到“different labs”说明实验室是分别发明自己的手势，由此可知，A项符合文意，故选A。

18.考查连接词辨析。句意：Larry Pearce，Blumberg实验室的一名聋人，向我解释道。A. where哪里；B. which哪一个；C. who谁；D. when当……的时候。分析句子可知，该句是定语从句先行词technician是人，且从句中缺少主语成分，因此需使用关系代词who引导，故选C。

19.考查代词词义辨析。句意：我会拼出来。A. them他们；B. me我；C. myself我自己；D. it它。分析句子可知，指示代词it指代前文中出现的a sign，故选D。

20.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最终会变得更普遍。A. essential必不可少的；B. particular特别的；C. related相关联的；D. universal普遍的。分析文章可知，该空前提到“If I like their sign better, I might adopt it and use it every day”如果我更喜欢这个手势的话，就会每天使用，每天使用就会使其变得更加的普遍，故选D。