Question

    Recent findings have shown that our appetite and food intake are influenced by a large number of factors besides our biological need for energy, including our eating environment and our perception(感知) of the food in front of us. A new study suggested that our short-term memory may also play a role in appetite. Several hours after a meal, people’s hunger levels were predicted not by how much they’d eaten but rather by how much food they’d seen in front of them—in other words, how much they remembered eating.

This difference suggests the memory of our previous meal may have a bigger influence on our appetite than the actual size of the meal, says Jeffrey M. Brunstrom, a professor of experimental psychology at the University of Bristol.

“Hunger isn’t controlled merely by the physical characteristics of a recent meal. We have identified an independent role for memory for that meal.” Brunstrom says. “This shows that the relationship between hunger and food intake is more complex than we thought.”

These findings echo earlier research that suggests our perception of food can sometimes trick our body’s response to the food itself. In a 2016 study, for instance, people who drank the same 380 calorie milkshake on two separate occasions produced different levels of hunger-related hormones(荷尔蒙), depending on whether the shake’s label said it contained 620 or 140 calories. Moreover, the participants reported feeling more fill when they thought they’d consumed a higher-caloric shake.

1.What affects our appetite according to the new study?

A.How much we remember eating.

B.What time we eat our last meal.

C.How much we eat our last meal.

D.What ingredients the food contains.

2.The underlined word “echo” in the last paragraph can be best replaced by ________.

A.indicate B.reflect

C.are supported by D.are improved by

3.What is the main idea of the text?

A.Good eating habits contribute to our health.

B.Eating speed often affects our food digestion.

C.Psychological factors influence our hunger levels.

D.Our biological need for energy determines our food intake.

Answer

1.A

2.C

3.C

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。本文讲述人们的食欲和食物摄取受到包括环境和对食物的认知等诸多因素的影响，并且引用相关科学研究论证这些影响因素，特别指出饮食环境、对食物的记忆、食物包装上的标签对人产生的心理暗示作用影响饮食。

1.细节理解题。根据第一段中Several hours after a meal, people’s hunger levels were predicted not by how much they’d eaten but rather by how much food they’d seen in front of them—in other words, how much they remembered eating.可知，人们的饥饿程度不是由他们吃了多少而是他们在面前看到了多少食物——也就是记得吃了多少来预测的。故选A项。

2.词义猜测题。根据最后两段中This shows that the relationship between hunger and food intake is more complex than we thought. These findings echo earlier research that suggests our perception of food can sometimes trick our body’s response to the food itself.可知，这表明饥饿和食物摄入之间的关系比我们想象中要复杂，这些发现就echo了之前的研究，该研究表明有时我们对食物的感知会欺骗我们身体对食物本身的反应。由句意推测划线词的意思是“一致/呼应”。故选C项。

3.主旨大意题。本文是说明文，其主旨一般在首段或者尾段。根据文章的主要内容和第一段的Recent findings have shown that our appetite and food intake are influenced by a large number of factors besides our biological need for energy, including our eating environment and our perception(感知) of the food in front of us.可知，本文主要讲述影响我们食欲的心理因素。故选C项。