Leaders in the aviation (航空) industry plan to launch a campaign (发起运动) that they hope will work against what they call a “Flight Shaming Movement” (FSM). They say FSM has weakened people’s demand for air travel in Europe. Some travelers there are increasingly concerned about the effects of flying on the environment. Activists have been calling for greater action against climate change. That includes avoiding air travel.
FSM has affected air travel demand in many European countries, including Britain, France and Germany. The campaign will try to explain to the public how the industry is reducing its effect on the environment. Juniac, head of IATA, said FSM gave off “misleading information”.
The International Air Transport Association (IATA) is organizing the plan through the Air Transport Action Group, a group of aviation industry organizations and companies. Juniac didn’t say when the campaign would start, but noted that details would be available to airports and airlines.
Commercial flying is estimated to cause about 2.5% of worldwide carbon emissions (释放). However, that number could rise as worldwide air travel increases.
The aviation industry says it has already cut carbon emissions by one-half since 1990. The improvements are mainly the result of aircraft that use fuel more effectively. The industry plans to cut emissions further by 2050. It has a goal of stopping the growth of carbon emissions by 2020.
Airlines also have warned of the harmful effects of FSM. Some have criticized the industry for failing to explain itself. Tim Clark, president of the Airline Emirates, said that improvements in technology have reduced the environmental effects of passenger airplanes.
1.What is FSM about?
A.Weakening people’s demand to travel abroad.
B.Calling on all to fight against global warming.
C.Announcing the environmental harm of flying.
D.Scaring people from approaching the airport.
2.How does Juniac comment on FSM?
A.Airlines will charge the movement for their loss.
B.It ignores the efforts of airlines to reduce pollution.
C.Airlines are to blame for the cause of it.
D.It has positive effects in urging airlines to be green.
3.What conclusion can we draw from the fifth paragraph?
A.The effective use of fuel has made air travel greener.
B.FSM has caused great loss for aviation industry.
C.With more passengers, carbon emissions by planes may rise.
D.The aviation industry aims to stop carbon emission by 2020.
4.What is the text mainly about?
A.Improvement of air quality since FSM.
B.Measures by aviation industry to reduce pollution.
C.Travelers’ inconvenience caused by FSM.
D.Disapproval of aviation industry against FSM.
As any plane passenger will confirm, a crying baby is almost impossible to ignore, no matter how hard you try. Now scientists believe they may have worked out why. A baby’s cry pulls at the heartstrings(扣人心弦) in a way while other cries don’t, researchers found.
Researchers found that a baby’s cry can trigger unique emotional responses in the brain, making it impossible for us to ignore them—whether we are parents or not. Other types of cries, including calls of animals in great pain, fail to get the same response, suggesting the brain is programmed to respond specifically to a baby’s cry.
A team of Oxford University scientists scanned the brains of 28 men and women as they listened to a variety of calls and cries. After 100 milliseconds — roughly the time it takes to blink(眨眼) — two parts of the brain that respond to emotion lit up. Their response to a baby’s cry was particularly strong. The response was seen in both men and women—even if they had no children.
Researcher Dr Christine Parsons said, “You might read that men should just notice a baby and step over it and not see it, but it’s not true. There is a special processing in men and women, which makes sense from an evolutionary(演化的) view that both men and women would be responding to these cries.” The study was in people who were not parents, yet they are all responding at 100ms to these particular cries, so this might be a fundamental response present in all of us regardless of parental status.
Fellow researcher Katie Young said it may take a bit longer for someone to recognize their own child’s cries because they need to do more “fine-grained analysis”. The team had previously found that our reactions speed up when we hear a baby crying. Adults performed better on computer games when they heard the sound of a baby crying than after they heard recordings of adults crying.
1.A baby’s cry is difficult to ignore because it ________.
A.keeps on crying B.cries harder than adults
C.causes people great pain D.makes people feel strong emotions
2.The underlined word “trigger” in Paragraph 2 probably means “________”.
A.cause B.remove C.avoid D.cure
3.What may Christine Parsons agree to?
A.A crying baby makes no sense to people without children.
B.Parents can hardly recognize their own babies’ cries.
C.Men pay less attention to a crying baby than women.
D.Almost everyone makes certain response to a baby’s cry.
4.What’s the main idea of the text?
A.How to recognize different babies’ cries.
B.Why you can’t get a baby’s cry out of your head.
C.Why a baby is easy and likely to cry.
D.How to prevent a baby crying.
When Allen invited me on a camping trip to the mountains, I imagined a wooden cabin overlooking a lake, with a warm fireplace, hot cocoa, and soft beds. But my happy image became a nightmare when Allen and his older brother, Leo, showed up with a truck filled with camping equipment—tents, sleeping bags, and water bottles, We were going on survival training!
The ever-efficient Leo was keen to leave the city behind us and urged us to hurry. Several hours later, as we drove through the forest, the mountains seemed bigger than I remembered; the trees were larger, and the environment felt more threatening.
At the trailhead, Leo tied a sleeping bag onto my already heavy pack and lectured Allen and me about hiking rules. Then, with Leo in the lead, we set off along the narrow and steep dirt track that wound up the mountain.
After 6 hours of climbing, we finally reached the top. My legs aching, I dropped my pack and groaned but there was no time to rest. "We need to set up camp quickly," said Leo." There are dark clouds coming in. A storm’s on its way."
I thought he was kidding, but Leo was quite serious. He and Allen worked expertly, while I stood around and pretended to help, thunder rumbling in the distance. We just finished putting up the tents when it hit. The wind, thunder, and lightning were relentless.
Leo, sensing that I was scared, started telling us some stories about his camping adventures. But each time lightning lit up the tent and the thunder echoed, I jumped. "Don't worry. Summer storms pass quickly," Leo said trying to comfort me. "And at least the rain will keep the bears away," he said with a teasing smile, which was less comforting.
And just as quickly as the storm came rushing in, it passed, and we exited the tent. The view was incredible — I could see for miles. As darkness set in, I stared in wonder at the millions of glowing stars in the night sky.
I won't lie — I was still wishing for a hot shower and a soft bed, but as I gazed upward at the Milky Way, I knew this was an adventure I would never forget.
1.Why was the author surprised when Allen came to get him at the beginning of the story?
A.Allen had arrived earlier than arranged.
B.He saw that Allen was not well prepared.
C.He realized their trip would be challenging.
D.Allen's brother was unexpectedly with him.
2.Why was it necessary to set up camp immediately after reaching the mountain top?
A.It was almost night time. B.The weather was changing.
C.They were tired and needed to rest. D.They needed protections from animals.
3.What can we guess about Leo?
A.He was an experienced and capable hiker.
B.He was inconsiderate of other's feelings.
C.He had known the writer for a long time.
D.He had not been to this mountain before.
4.How did the author feel at the end of the story?
A.Satisfied. B.Optimistic. C.Scared. D.Disappointed.
假定你是李华，你得知学校附近的一间书店要招聘一名兼职。请你给在校就读的美国交换生朋友John写一封信，内容如下：
1. 向他推荐这份兼职工作；
2. 鼓励他去应聘。
注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：交换生 an exchange student
Dear John,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
句型转换
1.Bob said to his brother, “Don’t touch my computer.”
Bob told his brother _________ _________ touch _________ computer.
2.“Have you read the book written by Rowling?” asked Tom.
Tom asked me _________ I _________ _________ the book written by Rowling.
3.You can make progress by studying hard. (改为only的倒装句）
_________ _________ studying hard _________ you make progress.
4.Spring Festival is around the corner. It is a time for family reunion. (用定语从句合并)
Spring Festival, _________is a time for family reunion, is around the corner.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I am a poor black worker in South Africa. The time when I first 1. (meet) Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life. It was in 1953 and Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice. He offered guidance to poor black people on their legal 2. (problem). He was generous with his time, 3. which I was grateful. I needed his help because I had very little 4. (educate). I could not read 5. write well. After 6. (try) hard, I got a job in a gold mine. However, this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg. 7. (sad) I did not have one because I was not born there, and I worried about 8. I would become out of work. I became more 9. (hope) about my future when Mandela helped me get the correct papers 10. (stay) in Johannesburg. Later, I joined the ANC Youth League organized by Mandela. I was sure it was a way to achieve our dream of making black and white people equal.
