Question

    Inventor, physicist, surveyor, astronomer, biologist, artist… Robert Hooke was all these and more. Some say he was the greatest experimental scientist of the 17th century. In the course of his work, he cooperated with famous men of science like Isaac Newton, and the great architect Christopher Wren.

Hooke's early education began at home, under the guidance of his father. He entered Westminster School at the age of 13, and from there went to Oxford, where he came in contact with some of the best scientists in England. Hooke impressed them with his skills at designing experiments and inventing instruments. In 1662, at the age of 28, he was named Curator of Experiments at the newly formed Royal Society of London — meaning that he was responsible for demonstrating (展示) new experiments at the society’s weekly meeting. Hooke accepted the job, even though he knew that the society had no money to pay him!

Watching living things through a microscope was one of his favourite pastimes. He invented a compound microscope for this purpose. One day while observing a cork (软木塞) under a microscope, he saw honeycomb-like structures. There were cells — the smallest units of life. In fact, it was Hooke who invented the term “cell” as the box-like cells of the cork reminded him of the cells of a monastery (修道院).

Another achievement of Hooke’s was his book Micrographia, which introduced the enormous potential of the microscope. It contains fascinating drawings of the thing he saw under the microscope. The book also includes, among other things, ideas on gravity, light and combustion (燃烧) that may have helped scientists like Newton when they were developing their own theories on these phenomena.

Hooke made a valuable contribution to astronomy too. A crater (火山口) on the moon is named after him in honour of his services to this branch of science.

1.Which is the possible reason why Hooke accepted the job as Curator of Experiments?

A.He liked designing experiments.

B.His family needed his support.

C.He wanted to please the famous scientists in England.

D.His parents couldn’t afford his education.

2.What does the underlined word “pastimes” in paragraph three mean?

A.Jobs B.Experiments

C.Hobbies D.Structures

3.Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?

A.Hooke went to Oxford in 1645.

B.Hooke was well paid in the Royal Society of London.

C.Hooke made a contribution to medicine.

D.Hooke's book Micrographia may have helped Newton.

4.The last paragraph is to prove that ________.

A.Hooke was the greatest experimental scientist of the 17th century

B.Hooke was good at making discoveries

C.Hooke's contributions were not limited to one field

D.Hooke was one of the greatest astronomers

Answer

1.A

2.C

3.D

4.C

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。本文讲述了英国伟大的科学家生物学家，细胞的发现者Robert Hooke的故事。

1.推理判断题。根据第二段中的Hooke impressed them with his skills at designing experiments and inventing instruments. In 1662, at the age of 28, he was named Curator of Experiments at the newly formed Royal Society of London — meaning that he was responsible for demonstrating (展示) new experiments at the society’s weekly meeting. Hooke accepted the job, even though he knew that the society had no money to pay him!“胡克在设计实验和发明仪器方面的技能给他们留下了深刻的印象。1662年，28岁的他被任命为新成立的伦敦皇家学会的实验馆长，这意味着他负责在学会的周会上展示新的实验。胡克接受了这份工作，尽管他知道协会没有钱付给他!”可知，胡克接受实验馆长一职的原因是他喜欢设计实验。故选A。

2.词义猜测题。根据第二段中的meaning that he was responsible for demonstrating (展示) new experiments at the society’s weekly meeting. Hooke accepted the job, even though he knew that the society had no money to pay him!“意思是他负责在协会的周会上演示新的实验。胡克接受了这份工作，尽管他知道协会没有钱付给他!”和第三段第二句He invented a compound microscope for this purpose.“他为此发明了一种复合显微镜。”由此推知，第三段第一句Watching living things through a microscope was one of his favourite pastimes.的意思是“用显微镜观察生物是他最喜欢的爱好之一。所以“pastime”的意思是“爱好。”故选C。

3.细节理解题。根据第四段中The book also includes, among other things, ideas on gravity, light and combustion (燃烧) that may have helped scientists like Newton when they were developing their own theories on these phenomena.“书中还包括了一些关于重力、光和燃烧的观点，这些观点可能对牛顿等科学家在研究这些现象时有所帮助。”由此可知，胡克的《微生物学》这本书可能对牛顿有帮助。故选D。

4.推理判断题。根据最后一段Hooke made a valuable contribution to astronomy too. A crater (火山口) on the moon is named after him in honour of his services to this branch of science.“胡克对天文学也作出了宝贵的贡献。月球上的一个环形山是以他的名字命名的，以纪念他对这门科学的贡献。”由此可知，胡克的贡献并不局限于一个领域。故选C。