Question

阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Is early childhood education really necessary? Early childhood education mainly focuses on learning through playing to develop the child’s physical, sensory (感官的), communicational and social development. Early childhood education has become a concern of the government, who pushes poor children to be formally trained before they are old enough for kindergarten.

There are good reasons for the government to push early childhood education. Studies have shown that orphans (孤儿) who did not receive good care and education become developmentally delayed, causing failure in school, and even in life. Further studies show that poor children who take part in Head Start programs are more prepared for school, less likely to end up in Special Education classes, and are less likely to receive public help or go to prison.

There are also negative parts to putting a child in formal education programs too early. Time Magazine online explains that “the younger the child, the less his chances of catching up with first-grade work.” I have personally seen many children of my generation who went to Head Start programs become discouraged and bored with school before they finished high school. Yet parents have been sure that the earlier the child starts school, the better he or she is, so they push to start children earlier.

Actually while early formal education of poor children does show great gains in the early elementary years, studies also show that this head start is really a “false start”, as the gains are lost in middle and high school years. It seems that environment is a bigger factor (因素) on life’s success than early education. Head Start programs have not achieved its original goal in closing the achievement gap (差距) in poor and middle school children. Perhaps it is time to find other ways to close that gap.

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Answer

The passage tells us that government values the early childhood education in order to get the children prepared for the kindergarten.(要点1) There are good reasons for this. For one thing, orphaned children not receiving good care and education will fail in later life.(要点2)For another, poor children who participate in Head Start programs will succeed in school.(要点3) There are downsides to giving children a formal education too early.(要点4)So better ways should be found to help the poor children.(要点5)

【解析】

本篇书面表达属于概要写作。

概要写作是将阅读与写作有机结合，要求考生既能读懂文章信息，又要依据要求规范连贯地表达内容，其中准确概括很有挑战且十分重要，根据记叙文、议论文、说明文等不同文体作相应概括，总的来说，遵循以下步骤：确定主题句；寻找关键词；重构主题句；重组支持句。如本篇文章第一段引出话题：政府重视幼儿教育，使孩子们为幼儿园做好准备；第二段分析政府重视幼儿教育的原因；第三指出过早地让孩子接受正规教育也有消极的一面；第四段指出“启智计划”在缩小贫困和中学生成绩差距方面没有达到最初的目标，也许是时候找到其他方法来弥补这一差距了。书写时注意使用适当的连接词连接这些要点，使上下句之间具有连贯性。概要写作的基础是理解语篇，而读懂语篇的基础是词汇，尤其是对关键词汇的掌握与运用。在此基础上，综合运用语法与句法结构，按照行文逻辑组织语言，就可以写出很好的概要。