Question

请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个单词。

School lunches in Japan

Japan manages a rare achievement for a developed country when it comes to feeding its children ― high scores for nutrition but very low obesity rates. One major key? School lunches.

A landmark report by the UN's children agency UNICEF released Tuesday shows Japan topping the charts for childhood health indicators, with low rates of infant mortality and few underweight children.

Experts say there are various factors at work, including a health-conscious society and regularly check-ups for children required by law, but a nationwide school lunch program also plays a key role.

"School lunches with menus that are created by nutritionists are provided to all primary schools and the majority of junior high schools throughout Japan,," Mitsuhiko Hara, a pediatrician and professor at Tokyo Kasei Gakuin University, told AFP.

The lunches are mandatory — no packed lunches allowed ― and while they are not free for most, they are heavily subsidized 补助）.Each meal is designed to have around 600-700 calories balanced between carbohydrates, meat or fish and vegetables.

"School lunch is designed to provide nutrition that tends to be lacking in meals at home," Education Ministry official Mayumi Ueda told AFP. "I think it contributes to the nutritional balance necessary for children."

Unlike the cafeteria system operated in some Western countries, Japanese school lunches are usually served in the classroom. Pupils frequently dish out the food to each other and clean up the room afterwards. There is no choice of meal, and no concessions offered for vegetarians, or anyone with religious restrictions.

The lunches are intended not only to feed children, but to teach them. "There's also a daily broadcast at school to explain the nutritional elements contained in the school lunch of the day, and this is a good way to educate kids,” Hara said.

"School lunch is positioned as part of education under the law,'? Ueda said. "It's not just about eating food, but children learn to serve, and clean up on their own?"

The Japanese government studies nutrition and eating habits in Japan annually, and uses the results to shape what goes into the school meals, she added.

And there are other factors at work, Hara acknowledged. "Because many Japanese are health-conscious, they try to eat a variety of food, which is good," he said. "And we're taught to eat seasonal food, which also contributes to good health. Japan is one of the rare countries that pay so much attention to food that is associated with specific seasons," he added.

Hara said another factor in Japan is regularly mandated childcare health checks. Parents of infants receive reminders from the local government, and children are given health checks at school, including measuring height and weight.

Still, even Japan has not escaped entirely the growing trend toward overweight children and childhood obesity, which in Japan, like elsewhere, tends to affect those from less wealthy families.

"Children in poverty are more likely to be overweight because families try to cut costs," Hara said. "As a result, they eat less protein but consume more carbs and sugar, which leads to obesity."

School lunches are all the more important to children in such situations, he said.

School lunches in Japan
Introduction	As is reported by the UNICEF. Japan 1. high in childhood health: A social awareness of health, regular and 2. check-ups for children and a nationwide school lunch program are main 3.
Details of school lunches	Regarding health	• Menus created by nutritionists and 4. annually by government • Meals 5. innutrition • Food of great 6. and seasonal food • Official reminders of childcare health checks
Regarding7.	The lunches are intended to improve • students' service consciousness and 8.. • students' knowledge of nutritional elements.
Problems to be solved	9. of less protein but more carbs and sugar in 10. families leads to the increasing number of overweight children in Japan.

Answer

1.ranks

2.compulsory

3.factors/reasons/causes

4.shaped

5.balance

6.variety

7.education

8.independence

9.Consumption

10.poor

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。短文就介绍了日本学校的午餐的相关信息。

1.考查归纳总结，处理信息的能力。由第一段“Japan manages a rare achievement for a developed country when it comes to feeding its children ― high scores for nutrition but very low obesity rates. ”日本在养育儿童方面取得了一个发达国家少有的成就——营养方面得分很高，但肥胖率很低。所以通过“high scores for nutrition”可以判断出空处填rank且句子为一般现在时，主语为Japan为单数。故填ranks。

2.考查归纳总结，处理信息的能力。由第三段“Experts say there are various factors at work, including a health-conscious society and regularly check-ups for children required by law”专家们说，有很多因素在起作用，包括一个注重健康的社会，以及法律要求对儿童进行定期检查。所以由“check-ups for children required by law”可知，空处填形容词compulsory 作check-ups的定语。故填compulsory。

3.考查归纳总结，处理信息的能力。由第三段“Experts say there are various factors at work, including a health-conscious society and regularly check-ups for children required by law”专家们说，有很多因素在起作用，包括一个注重健康的社会，以及法律要求对儿童进行定期检查。所以由“ factors ”可知，空处填factors/reasons/causes作表语。故填factors/reasons/causes 。

4.考查归纳总结，处理信息的能力。由第十段“The Japanese government studies nutrition and eating habits in Japan annually, and uses the results to shape what goes into the school meals.”可知，日本政府每年对日本的营养和饮食习惯进行研究，并利用研究结果来确定学校膳食中的营养成分。所以由“ shape ”可知，空处填shaped与menus在逻辑上为被动关系。故填shaped。

5.考查归纳总结，处理信息的能力。由第六段“School lunch is designed to provide nutrition that tends to be lacking in meals at home, I think it contributes to the nutritional balance necessary for children.”可知学校午餐的设计初衷是为学生们提供营养，而学生们在家里往往吃不到这样的饭。我认为它有助于儿童所需的营养平衡。所以根据“nutritional balance ”可以判断出，空处填balance，句子为一般现在时，主语为Meals。故填balance 。

6.考查归纳总结，处理信息的能力。由第十一段“ Because many Japanese are health-conscious, they try to eat a variety of food，which is good.”可知，因为很多日本人都有健康意识，所以他们尽量吃各种各样的食物，这是有益的。所以由“variety”可知，空处填名词variety。故填variety。

7.考查归纳总结，处理信息的能力。由框中“The lunches are intended to improve• students' service consciousness and independence• students' knowledge of nutritional elements”可知，午餐旨在提高学生的服务意识和独立性, 提高学生对营养元素的认识。所以小题7说的是关于教育。故填education。

8.考查归纳总结，处理信息的能力。由第九段“It's not just about eating food, but children learn to serve, and clean up on their own?”这不仅仅是吃东西的问题，孩子们还学会了服务，学会了自己清理。所以通过“clean up on their own”可知，空处填名词independence与consciousness为并列关系。故填independence。

9.考查归纳总结，处理信息的能力。由最后一段“Children in poverty are more likely to be overweight because families try to cut costs," Hara said. "As a result, they eat less protein but consume more carbs and sugar, which leads to obesity”可知，贫困儿童更有可能超重，因为家庭都在努力削减开支。结果，他们吃更少的蛋白质，但消耗更多的碳水化合物和糖类，这导致肥胖。所以通过“consume ”可知，空处填名词Consumption。故填Consumption。

10.考查归纳总结，处理信息的能力。由最后一段“Children in poverty are more likely to be overweight because families try to cut costs," Hara said. "As a result, they eat less protein but consume more carbs and sugar, which leads to obesity”可知，贫困儿童更有可能超重，因为家庭都在努力削减开支。结果，他们吃更少的蛋白质，但消耗更多的碳水化合物和糖类 ,这导致肥胖。由“Children in poverty ”可知，空处填形容词poor修饰名词families。故填poor。