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Language and culture are connected to ea...

    Language and culture are connected to each other in so many ways: language names and explains important events and people. When the Fourth Earl of Sandwich (1718-1792) ordered a lunch (so that he didn’t have to leave the gaming tables) there was no word to refer to the bread-and-butter-encased food that has ever since borne his name. Another example is grog, a drink of rum(朗姆酒)mixed with water. The word was coined from the nickname(绰号)of Admiral Edward Vernon (1684-1757)—Old Grog. The nickname came from the cloak(披风)of “ grogram ” which he habitually wore, and it provided the word for watered-down rum which he gave to sailors. In Australia it has become the word for alcoholic(含酒精的)drink of any kind. Both sandwich and grog are known throughout the English-speaking world, and have been borrowed into other European languages—sandwich into French, and grog into German.

In Australia some rather more specialised foods go by the names of local heroes and heroines. The lamington owes its name to Charles Wallace Alexander Napier Cochrane-Baillie, Second Baron of Lamington, who was governor of Queensland from 1896 to 1901. He was well-known for his concern for the treatment of local workers in northern Qucensland. Another sweet, Peach Melba, was invented in 1892 or 1893 by the French cook Auguste Escoffier at the Savoy Hotel, London, to respect the Australian singer Nellie Melba.

Some words have their origin in the sports world. The boxer Larry Foley (1849-1917) stopped boxing at the age of 30, having developed a training school for young boxers. His name is probably the one behind the expression “give someone Larry Dooley". Also a sporting hero was the footballer Roy Cazaly (1893-1963), who is the person in “ Up There Cazaly ” , used well beyond football as an expression of encouragement. He became a great footballer by taking amazingly high marks for the St Kilda and South Melbourne clubs.

1.What's the origin of the word"grog"?

A.It was first used by Vernon.

B.It was borrowed from German.

C.It dates back to the late 18th century.

D.It has some relationship with clothes.

2.Which of the following is related to an Australian singer?

A.Sandwich. B.Grog.

C.Lamington. D.Peach Melba.

3.What is the possible meaning of "give someone Larry Dooley"?

A.Give up somebody. B.Encourage somebody.

C.Give somebody a beating. D.Teach somebody to fight.

4.What similarity do the words and expressions mentioned in the text share?

A.They are difficult to understand. B.They come from people’s names.

C.They have been used for centuries. D.They are mainly used in Australia.

 

1.D 2.D 3.C 4.B 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。语言和文化在许多方面是相互联系的,文章主要说明了一些与人名相关的短语和词汇。 1.细节理解题。根据第一段中The nickname came from the cloak of “grogram” which he habitually wore…(这个绰号来自于他经常穿的“grogram”斗篷)可知“grog”这个词的起源与衣服有关。故选D。 2.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中Another sweet, Peach Melba, was invented in 1892 or 1893 by the French cook Auguste Escoffier at the Savoy Hotel, London, to respect the Australian singer Nellie Melba.(另一种甜点,Peach Melba是1892年或1893年由伦敦Savoy Hotel的法国厨师Auguste Escoffier为纪念澳大利亚歌手Nellie Melba而发明的)可知Peach Melba与一位澳大利亚歌手有关。故选D。 3.词义猜测题。根据最后一段中The boxer Larry Foley (1849-1917) stopped boxing at the age of 30, having developed a training school for young boxers. His name is probably the one behind the expression “give someone Larry Dooley".(拳击手Larry Foley (1849-1917)在30岁时停止了拳击运动,并为年轻拳击手建立了一所训练学校。他的名字可能是“give someone Larry Dooley”这句话隐含的意思)可推知Larry Foley 是一位拳击手,那么“give someone Larry Dooley”的意思可能指是打某人一顿。故选C。 4.推理判断题。根据文章第一段第一句Language and culture are connected to each other in so many ways: language names and explains important events and people.(语言和文化在许多方面是相互联系的:语言命名和解释重要事件和人物)以及文章主要内容为说明一些与人名相关的短语或单词,可知文章中提到的单词和短语相似之处在于它们都来自人们的名字。故选B。
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