Question

    In March, 2016, the pride of humankind was crushed by a computer. Google's AlphaGo defeated the South Korean Go master Lee Sedol four games to one, as the world looked on with shock and awe. Artificial intelligence had suddenly reached a new and unexpected height.

But as smart as AlphaGo is, it's no longer the best Go "player" in the world. Google's artificial intelligence group, DeepMind, has created the next generation of its Go-playing program, called AlphaGo Zero. The new AI program is unique in the way it learned to play Go. Instead of learning from thousands of human matches, as its predecessor (前任) did, AlphaGo Zero mastered Go in just two days without any human knowledge of the game and defeated AlphaGo by day three, reported The Guardian. It then went on to defeat AlphaGo 100 games to zero.

To learn how to play Go, AlphaGo Zero played millions of matches against itself using only the basic rules of the game to rapidly create its own knowledge of it. Like the previous version, it used "reinforcement (增强) learning to become its own teacher," according to DeepMind's website.

"It's more powerful than previous approaches," David Silver, AlphaGo's lead researcher, told The Guardian, "because by not using human data, or human expertise in any fashion, we've removed the constraints of human knowledge and it is able to create knowledge itself."

AlphaGo Zero's approach to self-learning is a significant advancement in AI that could be applied to help solve some of the world's biggest problems, according to a recent research report published in the journal Nature. For example, DeepMind co-founder Demis Hassabis argues that AlphaGo Zero could probably find cures for a number of serious diseases within weeks, according to The Telegraph. Indeed, the AI is now being used to study protein folding, which is connected to diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's.

So now that AI has gone beyond the bounds of human knowledge, perhaps the question is not about what AI can learn from humans, but what humans can learn from AI. We can only wait and see.

1.What can we learn from the first two paragraphs?

A.AlphaGo defeated Lee Sedol five games to zero.

B.AlphaGo Zero defeated AlphaGo within one day.

C.AlphaGo Zero has become the new best Go player.

D.AlphaGo Zero is the first program to defeat a human at Go.

2.What does the underlined word "constraints" in the fourth paragraph probably mean?

A.advantages B.disadvantages

C.restrictions D.regulations

3.What's the possible application of AI in the future according to the article?

A.Treating diseases. B.Making new Go rules.

C.Solving math problems. D.Creating new proteins.

Answer

1.C

2.C

3.A

【解析】

本文为一篇说明文。介绍了谷歌的AlphaGo以4比1击败了韩国围棋大师李世石，全世界都为之震惊。人工智能突然达到了一个意想不到的新高度。

1.细节理解题。根据文章第二段“ But as smart as AlphaGo is, it's no longer the best Go "player" in the world.” 但尽管AlphaGo很聪明，它已经不再是世界上最好的围棋“玩家”。第二段“It then went on to defeat AlphaGo 100 games to zero.” 然后，AlphaGo Zero继续以100比0击败AlphaGo。可知，AlphaGo Zero已经打败大师级选手，成为最新的最佳围棋选手。故选C。

2.词义猜测题。根据文章第四段”It's more powerful than previous approaches,”...”because by not using human data, or human expertise in any fashion, we've removed the constraints of human knowledge and it is able to create knowledge itself.”它比以前的方法更强大，因为没有使用人类数据，或任何形式的人类专业知识，我们已经消除了人类知识的限制，它能够自己创造知识。所以constraints是限制的意思，C项意思是限制。故选C。

3.推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段"For example, DeepMind co-founder Demis Hassabis argues that AlphaGo Zero could probably find cures for a number of serious diseases within weeks, according to The Telegraph"例如，据《每日电讯报》报道，DeepMind联合创始人Demis Hassabis认为，AlphaGo 0可能会在几周内找到治疗一些严重疾病的方法.可知，机器人在未来可运用在治疗疾病上。故选A。