Film has properties that set it apart from painting, sculpture, novels, and plays. It is also, in its most popular and powerful form, a story telling medium that shares many elements with the short story and the novel. And since film presents its stories in dramatic form, it has even more in common with the stage play: Both plays and movies act out or dramatize, show rather than tell, what happens.
Unlike the novel, short story, or play, however, film is not handy to study; it cannot be effectively frozen on the printed page. The novel and short story are relatively easy to study because they are written to be read. The stage play is slightly more difficult to study because it is written to be performed. But plays are printed, and because they rely heavily on the spoken word, imaginative readers can conjure up at least a pale imitation of the experience they might have been watching a performance on stage. This cannot be said of the screenplay, for a film depends greatly on visual and other nonvisual elements that are not easily expressed in writing. The screenplay requires so much “filling in” by our imagination that we cannot really approximate the experience of a film by reading a screenplay, and reading a screenplay is worthwhile only if we have already seen the film. Thus, most screenplays are published not to read but rather to be remembered.
Still, film should not be ignored because studying it requires extra effort. And the fact that we do not generally “read” films does not mean we should ignore the principles of literary or dramatic analysis when we see a film. Literature and films do share many elements and communicate many things in similar ways. Perceptive film analysis rests on the principles used in literary analysis, and if we apply what we have learned in the study of literature to our analysis of films, we will be far ahead of those who do not. Therefore, before we turn to the unique elements of film, we need to look into the elements that film shares with any good story.
Dividing film into its various elements for analysis is a somewhat artificial process, for the elements of any art form, never exist in isolation. It is impossible, for example, to isolate plot from character: Events influence people, and people influence events; the two are always closely interwoven in any fictional, dramatic, or cinematic work. Nevertheless, the analytical method uses such a fragmenting technique for ease and convenience. But it does so with the assumption that we can study these elements in isolation without losing sight of their interdependence or their relationship to the whole.
1.What is mainly discussed in the text？
A.The uniqueness of film.
B.The importance of film analysis.
C.How to identify the techniques a film uses.
D.The relationship between film analysis and literary analysis.
2.Why is it not handy to study film?
A.Because screenplay is not as well written as literary works.
B.Because a film cannot be effectively represented by a printed screenplay.
C.Because a film is too complicated.
D.Because publishers prefer to publish literary works.
3.From the third paragraph we learn that ________.
A.the means by which we analyze a literary work cannot be applied to the analysis of the film
B.a good film and a good story have many elements in common
C.we should not pay extra effort to study films
D.using the principles of literary analysis makes no difference in film analysis
4.Why can’t we divide film into various elements for analysis?
A.Because these elements are interwoven with each other and cannot be separated.
B.Because films cannot be written down and it is inconvenient to analyze them.
C.Because films elements are too complicated.
D.Because films need not to be analyzed in detail.
Ten years ago, Facebook was a coding project in Mark Zuckerberg’s dorm room. Now it’s an aggressive business with $4 billion of revenue that is used by one-eighth of the world’s population. Here are four main reasons why — reasons that _______ to almost every business.
1. Move fast.
Mark Zuckerberg built the first _______ of Facebook in his spare time in his Harvard dorm room. He didn’t write a business plan. He didn’t _______ ask friends and advisors what they thought of the idea. He didn’t “research the market,” apply for patents or trademarks, assemble focus groups, or do any of the other things that entrepreneurs are _______ to do. He just built a cool product quickly and _______ it. And Facebook was born.
2. Keep it simple.
Many companies get so obsessed with all the amazing _______ they want to build into their products that they make their products too complex for anyone to figure out how to use them. The Facebook team kept improving the design of the product, however, each time, they made sure that the service was still _______ to use.
3. Make your primary focus the product, not the “business” or “shareholder value.”
Mark Zuckerberg was famously _______ in Facebook’s business in the early days. In fact, he focused all of his energy on Facebook’s product. This product obsession went so far that Zuckerberg continually _______ advertising clients, because he didn’t want ads to mess up the service. As Facebook grew, Zuckerberg ________ his focus on the product. When Facebook was preparing to go public, Zuckerberg wrote a letter to shareholders in which he stated the company’s intention to focus on its “social mission” first and its business second, wishing them to ________ with him in that regard.
4. Get really really good at hiring… and really really good at firing.
The ________ of a company has nothing to do with its technology or current products. It has more to do with its people. And building a great team means two things: hiring well, and firing well. It’s easy to understand how to hire well. Firing well is also ________. A hiring mistake is unavoidable. In Facebook’s early days, the company made lots of hiring mistakes, but it ________ them quickly. ________ if your company is growing rapidly, it will eventually outgrow some of your early executives—and you’ll need to replace them.
1.A.apply B.relate C.attach D.persist
2.A.pattern B.version C.outline D.variety
3.A.presently B.hastily C.endlessly D.eventually
4.A.intended B.supposed C.trained D.urged
5.A.pushed B.provided C.granted D.launched
6.A.features B.operation C.skills D.objects
7.A.difficult B.easy C.feasible D.accessible
8.A.fascinated B.absorbed C.hesitant D.uninterested
9.A.called in B.sent for C.asked after D.turned away
10.A.switched B.lasted C.maintained D.extended
11.A.identity B.sympathize C.involve D.permit
12.A.admiration B.outcome C.strength D.purpose
13.A.efficient B.critical C.upright D.cruel
14.A.addressed B.dealt C.repaired D.corrected
15.A.In short B.In addition C.Even though D.As a result
The stage and films are the major forms of entertainment for millions of people. Though the stage possesses a much longer history, films now hold greater _______ for people. There is, however, a strong _______ between the theater and the cinema and both plays and films have their _______ merits.
Play continue to attract audience because they provide a slightly _______ form of entertainment form that provided by the cinema. There is more _______ on acting and on the personal relationship created between the actor and the _______. There is a personal element in the theater which is lacking in the cinema. _______ the audience can go along to the theatre week after week and enjoy watching their favorite actors taking different _______.
Many films which have been _______ from stage plays have not been successful. For example, there is hardly one film of a Shakespeare play that rivals the ______________ play on the stage. “Hamlet”, “Macbeth”, “Henry IV” and “Richard III” have all been made into extremely good films. Yet I doubt if one critic would argue that they are in any way better than the ordinary stage ______________. The majority of people would agree that these plays are much ______________ when performed on the stage, as ______________ by Shakespeare. Other plays, too, have ______________ as films simply because they are specially written for the stage — a ______________ form on its own.
1.A.reputation B.fame C.appeal D.position
2.A.difference B.conflict C.focus D.link
3.A.respective B.comparative C.constructive D.descriptive
4.A.similar B.different C.new D.original
5.A.connection B.dependence C.emphasis D.thought
6.A.director B.author C.conductor D.audience
7.A.Otherwise B.Moreover C.However D.Therefore
8.A.jobs B.places C.roles D.action
9.A.adapted B.adjusted C.adopted D.affected
10.A.previous B.famous C.former D.original
11.A.editions B.copies C.issues D.versions
12.A.worse B.better C.perfect D.dull
13.A.designed B.directed C.matched D.performed
14.A.succeeded B.failed C.released D.acted
15.A.separate B.dominant C.similar D.fresh
Whatever we do, we will make it. As long as we take the ________ we should have to achieve our goal.
A.sympathy B.technique C.passion D.patience
New York is ____ to the headquarters of the United Nations and many famous international companies.
A.basic B.common C.close D.home
As all the readers can see, the painting presents the children’s mood before the trip and after the trip in a sharp ____.
A.opposite B.contrast C.comparison D.contrary
