Question

Apathy

Apathy is a state of lacking interest, enthusiasm or concern. 1.They may also exhibit unfeelingness. Christians have condemned apathy as a lack of love and devotion to God and His works.

2. Also meaning "absence of passion" in Greek, the term "apatheia" was used by the Stoics (禁欲主义者) to show a desirable state of indifference towards events and things which lie outside one's control.

The modern concept of apathy became well known after World War I, when it was called “shell shock. " Soldiers, living in the trenches among the bombing and gun fires, saw the battlefields filled with dead and wounded companions.3.In 1950, US novelist Passos wrote "Apathy is one of the characteristic responses of any living being when it is subjected to something too tense or too complicated to deal with. " US philosopher Robert M. Hutchins summarizes the concerns about political indifference. He claims that the death of democracy is not likely to be a sudden murder from ambush (埋伏)．4.

There may be other things contributing to a person's political apathy. Activist Dave Meslin argues that apathy is often the result of social systems actively blocking engagement and involvement. He describes various barriers that prevent people from knowing how or why they might get involved in something,5.These include: political media that make it difficult for potentially interested individuals to find relevant information, and media descriptions of heroes as "chosen" by outside forces rather than self-motivated. He suggests that we redefine social apathy not as a population that is stupid or lazy, but as a result of poorly designed systems that fail to invite others to participate.

A. It will be a slow process of fading away from apathy and indifference.

B. Apathetic people may lack a sense of purpose or meaning in their life.

C. The word "dispassion" is used for "apatheia", so as not to confuse it with apathy.

D. He focuses on design choices that unintentionally or intentionally exclude people.

E. So they gradually developed a sense of disconnected numbness to normal social interaction.

F. Although the word "apathy" originates from "apatheia", it is important not to confuse the two terms.

G. Author John McManamy argues apathy is a psychological problem for some depressed people, in which they get a sense that "nothing matters".

Answer

1.B

2.F

3.E

4.A

5.D

【解析】

本文是一篇说明文。这篇文章主要向我们描述了冷淡和冷漠情绪的差别，以及冷漠这种情绪产生的原因。

1.结合上文Apathy is a state of lacking interest, enthusiasm or concern.(冷漠是一种缺乏兴趣、热情或关心的状态)可知，此处是在描述冷漠的特点，本句承接上文继续说明冷漠的人具有在生活中缺乏目标感或意义的特点，故B选项“冷漠的人可能在生活中缺乏目标感或意义”符合上下文语境。故选B。

2.根据下文Also meaning "absence of passion" in Greek, the term "apatheia" was used by the Stoics (禁欲主义者) to show a desirable state of indifference towards events and things which lie outside one's control.(“apatheia”一词在希腊语中也有“缺乏激情”的意思，禁欲主义者用它来表示对无法控制的事件和事物漠不关心的理想状态)可知，此处引入一个新词apatheia，而且其后的文字都是围绕介绍apathetic展开，突出了apatheia这个词和 apathy的区别。故F选项“虽然“apathy”一词来源于“apatheia”，但是不要把这两个词混淆了”符合上下文语境。故选F。

3.根据上文Soldiers, living in the trenches among the bombing and gun fires, saw the battlefields filled with dead and wounded companions.(士兵们生活在爆炸和炮火的战壕里，看到战场上到处都是死伤同伴)以及后文In 1950, US novelist Passos wrote "Apathy is one of the characteristic responses of any living being when it is subjected to something too tense or too complicated to deal with. "( 1950年，美国小说家帕索斯写道:“冷漠是任何活着的人面对太紧张或太复杂的事情时的典型反应之一。”)可推知，战士们经历过战场上非常紧张的事情后，往往会逐渐对正常的社交产生一种脱节的麻木感，且E选项中they可对应上文soldiers。故E选项“因此，他们逐渐对正常的社会交往产生了一种脱节的麻木感”符合上下文语境。故选E。

4.根据上文He claims that the death of democracy is not likely to be a sudden murder from ambush.(他声称民主的死亡不太可能是一场突然的伏击谋杀)中the death of democracy与A选项中it相对应，故A选项“这将是一个逐渐摆脱冷漠和冷漠的缓慢过程”符合上下文语境。故选A。

5.根据上文He describes various barriers that prevent people from knowing how or why they might get involved in something(他描述了各种各样的障碍，这些障碍使人们不知道他们如何或为什么会卷入某件事)及主语一致原则，句式一致原则可知，最后一段空格前后的两个相同主语He，He加动词的句式可对应到D选项中“He focuses on”，故D选项“他关注的是无意或有意将人排除在外的设计选择”符合上下文语境。故选D。