Question

    Persuasion is the art of talking someone into agreeing with you. 1.

Ethos(理念) is a speaker’s way of persuading the audience that he is a dependable person.

2. For example, a speaker can develop ethos by explaining how much experience or education he has in a certain field. After all, you would be more willing to follow advice about how to educate your child from a teacher than a doctor.

Pathos(感染力) is a speaker’s way of connecting with an audience’s emotions. For example, a speaker who want people to vote for him might say that he can make the country richer and stronger.3.

Logos(理性) is the use of facts, statistics, or other evidence to make the argument more persuasive. 4. For example, an ad for soap might say that laboratory tests have shown that their soap kills all 7,000,000 of the bacteria on your hand, which might make it more probable for you to buy their soap. Presenting this evidence is much more persuasive than simply saying “our soap is the best”.

Although the three tools above all have their strengths, they work best when used together.

5. Next time you listen to a speech, watch a commercial or listen to a friend trying to persuade you to lend him money, just remember these ancient Greek tools of persuasion.

A. These words can bring people great hope, making them want to vote for him.

B. These pictures are intended to fill the viewers with pity.

C. An audience will more probably believe you if you have data to support your opinions.

D. Use of logos can also increase a speaker’s ethos.

E. According to Aristotle, there are three basic tools of persuasion: ethos, pathos and logos.

F. In fact, most speakers use a mix of ethos, pathos and logos to persuade their audience.

G. An audience will consider a speaker dependable if he seems trustworthy, reliable and sincere.

Answer

1.E

2.G

3.A

4.C

5.F

【解析】

这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了说服别人是一种艺术，古希腊人在这一艺术中常用的三件“杀手锏”：理念、感染力和理性。听众在各种情境下也可以仔细分析，演讲者是不是运用了这三种技巧来“说服”你，甚至“迷惑”你。

1.下文各段分别展开介绍了ethos, pathos和logos这三种工具，结尾处提到这些是古希腊人提炼发明出来的工具（these ancient Greek tools of persuasion）；而第一段为总起段，有概括引领全文的作用，E项中的Aristotle（亚里士多德）是古希腊著名哲学家、辩论家，ethos, pathos and logos则是对下文的精准概括，符合题意，故选E。

2.该空之后的内容，详细介绍了演讲者如何使自己显得经验、经历丰富，值得信赖，与G项中的“consider a speaker dependable if he seems trustworthy, reliable and sincere.”相匹配，且G是对该段内容的提炼概括，符合段落首句的特点，故选G。

3.上文提到了候选人的演讲中说“he can make the country richer and stronger”，这显然带给选民一种希望（A项中的great hope），且A项中的vote for him为原文复现，在该空上文中也出现，相互呼应，故选A。

4.下文中举了一个肥皂广告的具体例子，实验室数据表明这种肥皂可以杀灭手上7,000,000个细菌。这样的演说比纯粹的说自家的肥皂是最好的有说服力得多。该例子与C项中的“have data to support your opinions”相匹配，故选C。

5.该段为总结段，后文提到听众在各种情境下也可以仔细分析，演讲者是不是运用了这三种技巧来“迷惑”听众。这与F项中提到的综合运用三种技巧（most speakers use a mix of ethos, pathos and logos to persuade their audience.）相呼应，符合题意，故选F。