Question

    P.S. 139, in Brooklyn, New York, has a school garden where students grow their favorite fruits and vegetables. It also has a school cookbook filled with recipes that use those foods, as well as a technology club, a soccer club, an artists' club, and a teachers’ lounge.

All of this is partially thanks to a process called PB. Through PB, students, parents, teachers, and P. S. 139 staff decide each year how to use some of the school’s money. Over the past three years, P. S. 139 has spent nearly $50,000 this way. Usually, only school leaders get to decide how to distribute a budget, but PB lets others weigh in. Shari Davis is one of the heads of the PB Project, a nonprofit group based in New York and California. '' PB opens the door and invites folks to participate in decisions. People who are closest to the problems in a community are often also closest to settling them. ''  she told TIME for Kids.

To start the PB process, members of a school community think about changes they’d like to see. Then they submit their ideas to a committee. It organizes the ideas into complete proposals (议案), which include the cost of each project. Lastly, every member votes for the winning projects that will be supported financially.

PB Project co-founder Josh Lerner helped bring the approach to P. S. 139. He finds that leaders are pleasantly surprised by the winning projects, which help them '' better understand what their communities need'', he says.

PB isn't just for schools. It’s also used by city and state governments around the world. New York City has been using PB since 2011. New Yorkers have spent more than $210 million this way. They've provided money for playgrounds, dog parks, and trees for city sidewalks, among other projects.

1.What is special about PB?

A.It allows ordinary people to play a role in decisions.

B.It accepts money from local government.

C.It helps P S. 139 build a school garden.

D.It focuses mainly on public schools

2.What is the first step for the PB process?

A.Applying to the head master. B.Putting forward project ideas.

C.Gathering members to vote. D.Making a specific budge.

3.How do the leaders in P.S. 139 feel about the agreed projects?

A.Proud. B.Shocked.

C.Delighted. D.Embarrassed.

4.What is the author' s purpose in writing the text?

A.To introduce the PB approach. B.To bring up a social problem.

C.To offer proposals to communities. D.To help leaders make better preparation.

Answer

1.A

2.B

3.C

4.A

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了参与式预算（PB）的运行方式。

1.细节理解题。第二段的Usually, only school leaders get to decide how to distribute a budget, but PB lets others weigh in.可知，通常只有学校领导才能决定如何分配预算，但是PB让其他人参与进来（进行资金使用决策）。A. It allows ordinary people to play a role in decisions. (它允许普通人参与决策)符合以上说法，故选A项。

2.细节理解题。根据第三段的To start the PB process, members of a school community think about change they would like to see. Then they submit their ideas to a committee.可知，为了启动PB，学校社区的成员考虑他们希望看到什么样的变化，然后把想法提交给委员会。由此可知，社区成员首先应该提出自己的想法。B. Putting forward project ideas. (提出自己的想法)符合以上说法，故选B项。

3.推理判断题。根据第四段的… leaders are pleasantly surprised by the winning projects, which help them better understand what their communities need可知，学校领导们对最后获胜的提案感到惊喜，这些提案帮助他们更好地了解到学校社区需要什么。由此推知，学校领导的心情应该是“高兴”。故选C项。

4.推理判断题。根据文章第二段的All of this is partially thanks to a process called PB. (所有这些都多亏了一个教PB的程序) ；第二段的To start the PB process, members of a school community think about changes they'd like to see. (为了启动PB程序，社区学校成员要考虑他们想要看到的变化)；第四段的PB Project co-founder Josh Lerner helped bring the approach to P. S. 139. (PB的合作者Josh Lerner把这个方法带给了P. S. 139.)和最后一段的PB isn't just for schools. (PB不仅仅适合学校)可推测，本文的目的介绍PB方法。A. To introduce the PB approach. (为了介绍PB方法)符合以上推测，故选A项。