Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country’s GDP measures “everything except what makes life worthwhile.” With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.
The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a mistaken concept. It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do. By most recent measures, the UK’s GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country’s economic prospects?
A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being throws some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more all-round assessment of how countries are performing.
While all of these countries face their own challenges, there are a number of common themes. Yes, there has been an economic recovery since the 2008 global crash, but in key indicators in areas such as health and education, major economies have continued to decline. Yet this isn’t the case with all countries. Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society, income equality and environment.
This is a lesson that rich countries can learn: When GDP is no longer regarded as the only measure of a country’s success, the world looks very different.
So what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations, as a measure, it is no longer enough. It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes — all things that contribute to a person’s sense of well-being.
1.Robert F. Kennedy is cited because he _______.
A.praised the UK for its GDP B.identified GDP with happiness
C.misinterpreted the role of GDP D.had a low opinion of GDP
2.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that _______.
A.the UK is unwilling to reshape its economic pattern
B.many people in the UK don’t think much of GDP as the measure of success
C.the UK will contribute less to the world economy
D.policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP
3.Which of the following is true about the recent annual study?
A.Its results are inspiring. B.It is sponsored by 163 countries.
C.Its criteria are questionable. D.It removes GDP as an indicator.
4.What is the author’s attitude towards GDP as the most common measure of a country’s success?
A.Favorable. B.Indifferent.
C.Critical. D.Defensive.
On a freezing December morning Matthew Warwick, then a 20-year-old college student, climbed on the edge of Waterloo Bridge in London. That morning, Matthew escaped from a mental health hospital, where he’d been diagnosed with schizo-affective disorder. He headed straight to the bridge, convinced that his disease was a life sentence.
Hundreds of people passed by. Only one man called Alex Owen, then 25, calmly and quietly walked to Matthew’s side.
“You’re alright, man? Why are you sitting on a bridge?”
At first Matthew wanted Alex to leave him alone, but something in Alex’s calm, down-to-earth manner struck a chord. Matthew felt faith, like he could talk to him.
“It’s cold here. Why not have some coffee in a warm cafe? Everything will be OK.” For the first time after the diagnosis Matthew felt perhaps it really might. He climbed back.
The police, having received calls from passers-by, were waiting there. They quickly put him into a police car, in case he was to panic and jump. He lost sight of Alex, the person who’d brought him hope.
Matthew ended up back in hospital. Eventually, he was well enough to return to university and finish his degree. Over the next six years, Matthew often thought about the stranger who had talked him round. Eager to thank him in person, he posted a Facebook message nicknaming the good man Mike. His #Find Mike post was shared millions of times around the world, as far as Canada.
Matthew was overexcited when Alex called him two weeks after his post. They had a reunion, finally having that coffee they had first planned all those years ago.
“Many people walked past, but because of Alex’s kindness and sympathy, I’ve lived a good life.” Matthew said.
1.Why did Matthew climb up the bridge?
A.He was badly treated in the hospital. B.His disease made him lose hope.
C.He wanted to draw people’s attention. D.He studied poorly in the college.
2.What does the underlined phrase “struck a chord” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A.Touched his heart. B.Drew his attention.
C.Aroused his interest. D.Blew his mind.
3.Which of the following best describes Alex?
A.Diligent. B.Strong-willed.
C.Caring. D.Generous.
4.How did Matthew find Alex?
A.By visiting homes door-to-door. B.By calling their friends.
C.By asking the police. D.By posting a message online.
By the end of the year, editors of New York Times have picked the 4 best books of 2019, including fiction and non-fiction. Let’s see which one will take your fancy.
Disappearing Earth
By Julia Phillips
In the first chapter of this novel, two young girls vanish, sending shock waves through a town on the edge of the remote and mysterious Kamchatka Peninsula. What follows is a novel of overlapping short stories about the different women who have been affected by their disappearance. Each tale pushes the narrative forward another month and exposes the ways in which the women of Kamchatka have been destroyed — personally, culturally and emotionally — by the crime.
No Visible Bruises
By Rachel Louise Snyder
Snyder’s thoroughly reported book covers what the World Health Organization has called “a global health problem”. In America alone, more than half of all murdered women are killed by a current or former life partner; domestic violence cuts across lines of class, religion and race. Snyder reveals pervasive myths (restraining orders are the answer, abusers never change) and writes movingly about the lives (and deaths) of people on both sides of the equation. She doesn’t give easy answers but presents a wealth of information that is its own form of hope.
Midnight in Chernobyl
By Adam Higginbotham
Higginbotham’s superb account of the April 1986 explosion at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant is one of those rare books about science and technology that read like a tension-filled thriller. Filled with vivid detail and sharply etched personalities, this narrative of astonishing incompetence moves from mistake to mistake, miscalculation to miscalculation, as it builds to the inevitable, history-changing disaster.
Exhalation
By Ted Chiang
Many of the nine deeply beautiful stories in this collection explore the material consequences of time travel. Reading them feels like sitting at dinner with a friend who explains scientific theory to you with no airs and graces. Each thoughtful, elegantly crafted story poses a philosophical question; Chiang arranges all nine into a conversation that comes full circle, after having travelled through remarkable areas.
1.Which of the following tells about the violence from a husband to a wife in a family?
A.Disappearing Earth B.No Visible Bruises
C.Midnight in Chernobyl D.Exhalation
2.How may readers feel when reading the book Midnight in Chernobyl?
A.Delighted. B.Awkward.
C.Tense. D.Calm.
3.What kind of book is Exhalation?
A.A folk tale. B.A biography.
C.A love story. D.A sci-fi story.
Picture a lecture session at a business school and your probably imagine students gazing at screens filled with equations（方程式）.What you might not expect is students attempting to sing “O clap your Hands”. But Bartleby was treated to this delight on a visit to Saïd Business School in Oxford earlier this year.
There was a catch. Some of the students had to try conducting the chorus. The first to take the challenge was a rather self-confident young man. It didn’t take long for him to go wrong. His most obvious mistake was to start conducting without asking the singers how they would like to be directed, though they had the expertise and he was a complete beginner.
The session, organized by Pegram Harrison, a senior fellow in entrepreneurship（企业家精神）, cleverly allowed the students to absorb some important leadership lessons. For example, leaders should listen to their teams, especially when their colleagues have specialist knowledge.
Other business schools have also realized that their students can learn from the arts. At Carnegie Mellon University , Leanne Meyer has introduced a leadership-training programme that includes poetry and a book club. She believed that involvement in such pursuits can help develop empathy（同理心） in future leaders and that the programme benefits students in terms of how they promote themselves to recruiters（招聘人员）.
The Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) has trained many great dramatists. It also offers training courses for managers. “Acting about finding the truth in the character and in yourself.” says Walker-Wise, one of RADA'S tutors. Being a manager involves a lot more than just setting targets. It requires empathy and a knowledge of human nature. An education in the arts might help develop those qualities. Above all, the students on Harrison's Course were experiencing something Bartleby never expected to see in those attending an MBA lecture they were having fun.
1.What does “this delight" in paragraph 1 refer to?
A.Singing in a business class. B.Visiting Said Business School
C.Picturing a lecture session. D.Gazing a screens full of equations.
2.Which of the fallowing best describes the session by Pegram Harrison?
A.Common and influential. B.Educational and effortless.
C.Challenging and instructive. D.Controversial and practical.
3.What should a leader do based on the conducting experience?
A.Offer promotion opportunities. B.Value team members’ opinion.
C.Set specific targets. D.Control every step.
4.How does acting contribute to being a manager?
A.It provides entertainment. B.It develops goal-setting skills.
C.It exposes the truth in business. D.It helps understand human nature.
In the old days, when you had to drive to a movie theater of to to a video store to get some entertainment, it was easy to see how your actions could have an impact om the environment.You were hopping into your war, driving across town and coughing out emissions（排放）and using gas all the way.
But now that we’re used to staying at home and streaming movies, we might get a little cocky. After all ,we’re just picking up our phones or maybe turning on the TV. You’re welcome.Mother Nature.
Not so fast, says a recent report from the French-based Shit Project. Watching a half-hour show would lead to 3.5 pounds of CO2 emissions. That’s like driving 3.9 miles. According to "Climate Crisis: The Unsustainable Use of Online Video," digital technologies are responsible for 4% of greenhouse gas emissions, and that energy use is increasing by 9% a year. Stored in data centers, videos are transferred to our terminals such as computers, smart phones, etc. via networks: all these processes require electricity whose production consumes resources and usually involves CO2 emissions.
In the European Union, the Eureca project lead scientist, Rabih Bashroush, calculated that 5 billion downloads and streams of the song "Despacito" consumed as much electricity as the countries of Chad, Guinea-Bissau, Somalia, Sierra Leone and the Central African Republic used in a single year.
Streaming is only expected to increase as we become more attached to our devices. Online video use is expected to account for 80%of all internet traffic by 2022 according to CISCO. By then, about 60% of the world's population will be online.
You're probably not going to give up your streaming services, but there are things you con do to help lessen the impact of your online use.
Here are some tips:
※Disable autoplay for video on social media.
※Stream over Wi-Fi, not mobile networks.
※Watch on the smallest screen you can.
※Don’t use high-definition（高清）video on devices.
1.It can be inferred from paragraph 2 that people think .
A.they should welcome Mother Nature
B.watching movies at home is more fun
C.it is inconvenient to drive to a movie theater
D.streaming at home avoids possible emissions
2.We may learn from the text that .
A.3.9 miles may produce 3.5 pounds of CO2
B.digital technologies account for 4% of electricity use
C.Online video use makes up 80% of all internet traffic
D.60% of the world’s population watch videos online
3.Why are the five countries mentioned in paragraph 4?
A.To praise their energy-efficient practice.
B.To prove the poverty of the five countries
C.To stress the popularity of the song “Despacito”
D.To show the high energy use of downloads and streams
4.How can people help to save energy when streaming?
A.Use high-definition videos. B.Turn off video autoplay
C.Stream over mobile networks. D.Watch movies on bigger screens.
In the trailer (拖车式房屋)，Sischo was refreshing the snails ‘(锅牛）accommodations--an ongoing routine that takes days of careful work. He had found a dozen of Achatinella bulimoides--a third of the world's population of the species. Once every individual was accounted for, he cleaned the cage and packed in new leaves. The work took much trouble, but the responsibility, he said, was like “a heavy weight sitting on you.”
The trailer is very vulnerable. It’s designed to keep away would-be thieved, and to resist hurricanes. But a fire could easily destroy it, or a disease could sweep through it. Last September , a mystery pathogon（病原体）appeared to have entered the trailer on leaves fed to the snails, killing almost an entire species. As sad as the event was, there’s no good way to insure against future catastrophe. The snails can’t simply be spread among zoos or other facilities: they need special equipment, experienced handlers, and a diet of native Hawaiian plants.
Consequently, it can be hard for the snails' minders to relax, even when they are outside the trailer. “How do you switch off when your decisions mean existence or extinction?" Sischo said. While action lightens the burden, yet with animals whose natural history is largely unknown, that action can be dangerous. "If you do it wrong, the snails die.”
Snails are neither intelligent nor beloved. Sischo's friends sometimes tease him about being "the strange snail guy' ; strangers ask why he cares. It's hard to convince people, but he insists that if he can just get them in the trailer, they will understand why the Achatinella bulimoides are worth saving. "People melt," he said“When you show them that the entire population is in this chamber, it hits them."
1.What is the trailer used for?
A.Accommodating guests B.Sheltering snails
C.Planting vegetables. D.Alarming thieves.
2.What does the underlined word “vulnerable" mean in paragraph?
A.Quite. B.Safe.
C.Easily affected. D.Well protected.
3.What is the snail minders' attitude towards their job?
A.Relaxed. B.Confident.
C.Cautious D.Disapproving
4.Which of the following could be the best title for the text?
A.The Last of Its Kind B.The Worst of Times
C.Mourn Its Loss D.Resist Possible Dangerous
