阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Chinese eat many foods that are not familiar 1. North Americans.Shark fins，seaweed，and even frogs and snakes are eaten.However，the Chinese follow the spiritual philosophy of balance between “yin” and “yang”，which encourages the Chinese to find a balance in 2. lives，including in the foods they eat.While 3.(prepare)meals，the Chinese may strive to balance the color，shape，or types of food they choose to eat.
Cantonese cooking is one of the four main regional types of Chinese cooking.It was because of this type of Chinese cooking 4. Chinese cuisine was gradually known in the United States.5.(type)Cantonese dishes are egg rolls and sweet pork.The Mandarin cuisine in northern China 6.(characterize)by dishes made with wheat flour，such as noodles，dumplings，and pancakes.The 7.(wellknown)dish of this region is Peking duck，a dish made up of roast duck 8.(accompany)by cucumbers，green onion and thin pancakes.Shanghai cooking，from China's east coast，9.(emphasize)seafood and strongflavored sauces in the last few decades.The cuisine of the Szechuan province in inland China is famous for its hot and spicy dishes made with hot peppers，garlic，and onions.This type of cooking has been gaining 10.(popular)in the United States since the 1990s.
I heard from a good friend of mine recently.She called to let me know that she recently has become _______ from her husband who has bad gambling problem.She asked if I would fit a smoke alarm in her kitchen for her，and of course I _______．
In her apartment，I was told that her _______ had left her and her children with a great deal of _______.So I advised her to call Citizen's Advice(CA)to see what was the _______ way forward as she was threatened with eviction(驱逐)from the rented apartment.That _______ a way for her.
After she called CA herself，she said that the lady there couldn't have been more helpful，or more _______ and she came away with the feeling that someone really _______．They have _______ her case to the Law Centre who will call her back a few days later.
I then heard that she also ________ some other social welfare organizations，such as Health Visitor and the local Foodbank.Once again，when she ________ the Foodbank，she said，her children were given ________，and she herself was given a cup of coffee.Besides，the chat with the volunteers there really made her feel very ________．After the visit，she told me that the ________ couldn't have been more helpful，and they were so ________！
Sometimes we think all we can do is ________ and watch and be there for someone while they ________ their trials and it's hard for us to help someone.But now my friend is finally in a ________ mental state and spoke full of laughter and ________．Just a ________ from me started to make a difference.The world seems to have opened up for her.
1.A.different B.absent C.separated D.tired
2.A.agreed B.doubted C.refused D.delayed
3.A.company B.husband C.father D.friend
4.A.money B.housework C.debt D.furniture
5.A.same B.other C.best D.only
6.A.decorated B.opened C.reserved D.blocked
7.A.cautious B.ambitious C.imaginative D.positive
8.A.succeeded B.cared C.worked D.mattered
9.A.referred B.contributed C.explained D.offered
10.A.figured out B.set up C.searched for D.turned to
11.A.called B.visited C.left D.noticed
12.A.sweets B.newspapers C.interviews D.tests
13.A.calm B.helpless C.welcome D.nervous
14.A.students B.applicants C.customers D.volunteers
15.A.casual B.mean C.supportive D.lonely
16.A.wait B.leave C.guess D.whisper
17.A.make up B.look for C.go through D.stick to
18.A.perfect B.strange C.complex D.anxious
19.A.stress B.courage C.tears D.honesty
20.A.promise B.decision C.mistake D.suggestion
How to Make Small Talk
Meeting new people is hard! Small talk is a great way to break the ice when you're talking to someone you don't know well.Being able to make small talk will in many situations lead to more productive conversations and open you to new friendships and relationships.1.
Give a friendly greeting.
If you're seeing someone you already know，just say hello and greet her by her name：“Hi，Jen，it's good to see you.” This is simple and direct and lets the person know you're excited to talk.2. Just say，“Hi，I'm Marla，what's your name？” Repeat the person's name when she tells it to you，and she'll feel more special.
3.
Conversations are just as much about an exchange of energy as an exchange of information.To make great conversation and great small talk，you should keep things light，fun，and positive.If you're optimistic，get ready to smile at a moment's notice，and laugh over things that aren't that funny.4.
Open up but not too much.
By the end of the conversation，you could reveal something more about yourself，however small，whether it's your obsession with your cat，your passion for yoga，or just your thoughts on your favorite band's new album.5. It could make you connect on a deeper level.And this makes the person think you weren't just shooting the breeze.
A．Keep things light and positive.
B．Follow up with a question or statement.
C．Then you'll make the other person want to keep talking to you.
D．You'd better have the person walk away knowing something about you.
E．If you don't know the person，introduce yourself first so you feel more confident.
F．With the following practice，you can become comfortable making small talk with anyone.
G．There's nothing more annoying than talking to a person constantly checking their cellphone.
In 1960，Douglas McGregor developed a leadership theory about organization and management in which he represented two opposing perceptions(看法)about people.He referred to these two perceptions as Theory X and Theory Y．Douglas then arrived at the conclusion that the style of leadership depends on the manager's perception of people.
In Theory X，Douglas summarizes the traditional view of management in a number of characteristic assumptions in which authoritarian(专制的)leadership style，close supervision and the hierarchical principle are the key elements.Theory X starts from the assumption that people are naturally lazy，want to avoid work as much as possible，have no ambition and prefer to be supervised.The authoritarian leadership style is therefore the most appropriate leadership style.The system of rewards and punishments works best for employees.
Douglas starts from the assumption in Theory Y that people have different needs.Theory Y assumes that people are inherently happy to work，they want to exert themselves and they are motivated to pursue objectives.There is no need for the system that involves rewards and punishments.People are prepared to take responsibility for everything they do.People want to use their creativity and they like to take a creative problem solving approach.
The central principle of Theory Y is that of integration：individuals can achieve their own goals by also focusing their efforts on the objectives of the organization they work for.They want to get the most out of their work through satisfaction，appreciation and motivation.Theory Y therefore assumes that control，rewards and punishments are not the only ways to stimulate people.
A democratic leadership style arises on the basis of Theory Y which allows the employees to have a greater say.Encouragement and rewards are used rather than control and supervision.Employees are given an opportunity to develop themselves and put their capabilities to good use.When an organization does not respond to this，employees will start looking for possibilities to explore their skills outside their work.
1.According to Douglas，what mainly determines a manager's working style?
A.What he expects to achieve in work.
B.What his own personality is.
C.What he thinks employees are like.
D.What he is in charge of in a company.
2.Which of the following statements is true according to Theory Y?
A.Employees have the motivation to work and achieve.
B.Rewards should never be involved in work place.
C.Responsible people are always well prepared for work.
D.Creativity will encourage employees to solve problems.
3.What is the biggest difference between the two theories?
A.To control or encourage. B.To reward or punish.
C.To suspect or respect. D.To instruct or follow.
4.What would be the best title for the text?
A.Douglas，Thinker of Management
B.How to Manage Your Employees
C.Douglas' X Y Theory of Management
D.The Roles of Managers and Employees
Athletes who can run several marathons in just months might seem unstoppable.The biggest obstacle，it turns out，is their own bodies.A new study find out for the first time a “ceiling” for endurance activities such as longdistance running and biking.
“Physiologists and athletes alike have long been interested in just how far the human body can push itself.When exercising over a few hours，a wealth of evidence suggests most people max out at about five times their basal metabolic(代谢的)rate(BMR)．How humans use energy during longer endurance activities is another question entirely，”says Herman Pontzer，an evolutionary theorist at Duke University，North Carolina.
Pontzer saw an opportunity to answer that question when Bryce Carlson，an endurance athlete and former biochemist at Purdue University，organized the Race Across the USA in 2015.Runners covered 4，957 kilometers over the course of 20 weeks in a series of marathons stretching from Los Angeles，California，to Washington，D.C.
To find out how many calories the athletes in the study burned，Pontzer，Carlson，and colleagues replaced the normal hydrogen and oxygen in their drinking water with harmless，uncommon isotopes(同位素)of those elements.By chemically tracing how these isotopes flush out in urine，sweat，and breath，scientists can calculate how much carbon dioxide an athlete produces — a measure that directly relates to how many calories they burn.
Pontzer's team then collected energy consumption data over the course of the race to see how many calories they burned per day.They found that whatever the event is，energy consumption leveled off after about 20 days，eventually staying at a steady level at about 2.5 times an athlete's BMR.At that point，the body is burning calories more quickly than it can absorb food and turn it into energy，representing a biologically determined ceiling on human performance.
“It was just one of those moments of discovery that as a scientist you just live for，” Pontzer said.“We ended up plotting out the very limits of human endurance，the envelope for what humans can do.”
1.What does the underlined word “ceiling” in the first paragraph refer to?
A.The weakness of human bodies.
B.The effect of lasting exercise.
C.The way humans use energy.
D.The limit of human endurance.
2.Which of the following is a direct measure of an athlete's energy consumption?
A.The hydrogen and oxygen in their drinking water.
B.The carbon dioxide their bodies create.
C.The amount of their urine，sweat and breath.
D.The remaining isotopes in their body.
3.What is the purpose of Pontzer's study?
A.To confirm that an athlete's physical extreme is mainly determined by his BMR.
B.To compare human limits in common exercise with those in endurance activities.
C.To find out where the highest energy consumption of an athlete lies.
D.To set a reasonable standard for researches concerned with human body
4.How did Pontzer feel when their study results came out?
A.Excited. B.Regretful.
C.Surprised. D.Hopeful.
I've had many wonderful holidays，but my favorite memory is that of a few summer weeks spent in Italy when I was about 13.My mom had to go to a clinic there for treatment，and we all went together as a family and took the opportunity to have a beautiful vacation as well.It was the first time abroad for me and it was a vacation that broadened my perspective，taught me a lot，and helped shape a bit of who I am today.
Although we did visit many famous places in northern Italy，we stayed mostly in a little town where some friends of my parents lived.Nothing helped me understand Italian culture better than my stay in this picturesque，almost magical town that many haven't even heard of.
Thanks to the holiday spent in Italy，I，quite a shallow girl，also discovered my passion for music，which stayed alive in me to this day and will probably stay forever.My parents' friends had a son，Ricardo，who was a pianist.Dad had repeatedly but unsuccessfully tried to make me study an instrument and stick to it.However，when I heard Ricardo play，I instantly fell in love with music and felt a great desire to learn it.Ricardo taught me the first song I ever played on the piano，a silly，playful little tune that I still know by heart.
We took a short trip to the Italian Alps at some point.I had never seen such majestic beauty before! The snowcovered peaks，the intimidating rocks，the fresh，harsh air — what an experience! And what I remember impressed me the most was the fact that，although this was a popular touristic area，the region was incredibly clean，still “natural”，with places that seemed to never have been touched by humans.Then，the shallow teen that I was learned what a real treasure nature is and how important it is to protect it.
1.What was the main purpose for the author and her family to go to Italy?
A.To cure the author's mother of her illness.
B.To have a family reunion while travelling.
C.To broaden and shape the author's perspective.
D.To experience and learn from another culture.
2.What contributed to the author's passion for music?
A.Her father's instructions.
B.Ricardo's performance.
C.The piano she played on.
D.The local music culture.
3.The trip to the Italian Alps helped the author learn to ________．
A.stick to her own passion
B.balance between cultures
C.get rid of her shallowness
D.cherish and protect nature
4.What would be the best title of the text?
A.My Favorite Holiday Memory
B.A Trip Shaping My Personality
C.Lessons from a Foreign Culture
D.My Passion for Music and Nature
