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Fireworks may seem like a very American tradition, 1. (especial) on the 4th of July. But fireworks go back many years before the first American Independence Day celebration, which took place in 1777, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
The 2. (early) Fireworks can date back to around 2,000 years ago in China. People then 3. (say) to have roasted bamboo stalks (茎). The stalks turned black and made sounds. The air inside the hollow (空的) stalks would explode. Baozhu is a Mandarin Chinese word 4. firecracker. It means “exploding bamboo.”
Years later Chinese chemists took fireworks a step further. This 5. (happen) sometime between 600 and 900 A D . People filled bamboo with gunpowder. They threw it into a fire. Steel dust or iron shavings were added 6. (make) them sparkle (冒火花). In China, these firecrackers were often used in 7. (tradition) celebrations.
In the 13th century, fireworks spread to Europe. In the centuries that followed, 8. (European) started moving to North America. So it was no surprise that when July 4th began to be celebrated as America’s Independence Day，fireworks 9. were invented by Chinese people witnessed 10. great moment as part of the plan.
Today, fireworks are an established July 4th tradition. Will you see a fireworks display this Independence Day?
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“Climate emergency” was picked by Oxford Dictionaries as the word of the year for 2019 after 1. (use) on average 100 times more than in 2018.
Defined as “a situation 2. urgent action is required to reduce or stop climate change and avoid environmental damage resulting from it ”, the word became one of the most important 3. (term) of 2019. “Climate” did not have a place in the top words 4.(typical) used to modify (修饰) “emergency” in 2018. Instead, the top types of emergencies that people wrote about 5. (be) health, hospital and family emergencies. But with climate emergency, people saw something new, 6. extension of emergency to the global level. The choice was reflective, not just of the rise in climate awareness, but the focus specifically 7. the language used to discuss it. Oxford said the rise of “climate emergency” 8. (show) an intentional push towards language of urgency.
The dictionary’s word of the year is chosen 9. (reflect) attention of the passing year and should have lasting potential as a term of 10. (culture) significance. Previous winners of word of the year include “toxic” in 2018 and “youthquake” in 2017.
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A group of researchers and scientists from China and other countries are working together 1. (record) and collect digital images of cultural relics from the Mogao Caves, which were a key stop 2. the Silk Road throughout China's ancient history. Nearly 500,000 high quality digital photographs 3.( produce) since the international project started in 1994.
The Mogao Caves 4.(study) in many countries have long been a meeting point for different cultures. Today the caves are just as international as they were at the time5.people travelled the Silk Road. Tourists from all over the world visit Dunhuang to see the caves, and the Getty Museum in Los Angeles has reproduced a copy of the caves and6.(paint) for people to admire in America.
By sharing so many digital photos over the Internet, the group hopes to promote even 7.(wide) interest around the world in China's ancient history, culture, and traditions.8.one researcher who is working on the project explains, “9.(appreciate) one's own cultural heritage is very important for understanding oneself. Recognizing the cultural heritage of other countries 10. (do) good to international communication and understanding."
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The gorillas（大猩猩）in the valleys in the south often lived together in groups of several tens. They were fond of drinking wine, and even fonder of imitating man's 1. （behave）.
People knew very well their 2. （habit） and often put wine on the roadside together with many straw sandals 3. were connected together with ropes.
The gorillas knew this was 4.trick to lure(引诱)them into traps and cursed: "Humph! Do you think we don't know your tricks? We'll never be taken in!" So they called one another, 5. (turn) round and left.
But they had smelled the aroma(香味)of the wine already, and couldn't bear to part with it. Even after they left, they would turn their heads to look back. 6. they saw no one there, they would turn back; and after they turned back, they were afraid of 7. (cheat), and left again. After much hesitation, they 8. (final) said to themselves: "Just for a taste of the wine. It won't matter as long as we don't get drunk.”
Shortly afterwards, they agreed 9. (come) back to drink the wine. When they got drunk, they forgot everything. Every gorilla put on the straw sandals and imitated the way man walks.
As a result, they fell down one after another and all of them 10. (catch) alive by people.
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In August, cases of a mysterious severe lung disease rocked the health society, 1. doctors looking for the cause of the illness. They found the link between vaping and lung disease. Now, there are 805 lung injury cases reported across 46 states in the United States. There had been twelve 2.(death) reported, and all cases reported a history of e-cigarette use.
E-cigarette use poses a significant and avoidable health risk to young people in the United States. Besides increasing the 3.(possible) of addiction and long-term harm to brain development and respiratory health, e-cigarette use 4.(associate) with the use of other tobacco products that can do even 5.(great) damage to the body. Even breathing in e-cigarette smoke that someone else has breathed out 6.(carry) health risks.
It is important to prevent harm to youth and young adults from e-cigarettes. Everyone has 7. role, including parents, health care providers, teachers, and those 8. work with and care about young people. A visit to a health care professional is a great chance 9.(educate) your child on the potential risks of e-cigarette use. Ask your provider to discuss these health risks, including nicotine addiction and the impact of nicotine on the 10.(develop) brain, etc.
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Silk is mainly produced in the south of the Yangtze River Delta. The people 1.(live )in the region were the inventors of silk fabric, and no other culture discovered this process independently. The history of silk making 2.(begin)6,000 years ago, and the earliest example of silk fabric 3. has been discovered dates from 3630 BC in Henan. Silk cloth producing process was well advanced during the Shang Dynasty(1600—1046 BC)era.
China produces about 150,000 tons 4.(annual). This is much more than the rest of the world. Only India has a comparably large industry that produces about 30,000 tons.
It is thought that silk 5.(export)along the Silk Road routes about 400 BC ago. But after that, the 6.(variety)kingdoms kept secret the methods of silk 7.(produce)for another thousand years. It might have been one of the most energetically guarded secretes in history. Anyone 8.(find)secretly carrying silkworm eggs, or mulberry(桑树)seeds was put 9. death.
Silk garments were worn by emperors and royalty. It was a status symbol, 10. common people were prohibited from wearing silk. Silk was also used for a number of other applications including luxury writing material.
