Question

Why College Is Not Home

The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性) and the development of adult identity. However, now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence, during which many of today’s students are not shouldered with adult responsibilities.

For previous generations, college was a decisive break from parental control; guidance and support needed to come from people of the same age and from within. In the past two decades, however, continued connection with and dependence on family, thanks to cell phones, email and social media, have increased significantly. Some parents go so far as to help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility, universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home.

To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility, college needs to be a time of exploration and experimentation. This process involves ＂trying on＂ new ways of thinking about oneself both intellectually(在思维方面)and personally. While we should provide ＂safe spaces＂ within colleges, we must also make it safe to express opinions and challenge majority views. Intellectual growth and flexibility are fostered by strict debate and questioning.

Learning to deal with the social world is equally important. Because a college community(群体) differs from the family, many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging. If students rely on administrators to regulate their social behavior and thinking pattern, they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity within a larger and complex community.

Moreover, the tendency for universities to monitor and shape student behavior runs up against another characteristic of young adults: the response to being controlled by their elders. If acceptable social behavior is too strictly defined(规定) and controlled, the insensitive or aggressive behavior that administrators are seeking to minimize may actually be encouraged.

It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out, particularly when there are reasons to do so. Our generation once joined hands and stood firm at times of national emergency. What is lacking today is the conflict between adolescents’ desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world. Therefore, there is the desire for their dorms to be replacement homes and not places to experience intellectual growth.

Every college discussion about community values, social climate and behavior should include recognition of the developmental importance of student autonomy and self-regulation, of the necessary tension between safety and self-discovery.

1.What’s the author’s attitude toward continued parental guidance to college students?

A.Sympathetic. B.Disapproving.

C.Supportive. D.Neutral.

2.The underlined word ＂passage＂ in Paragraph 2 means___________.

A.change B.choice

C.text D.extension

3.According to the author, what role should college play?

A.To develop a shared identity among students.

B.To define and regulate students’ social behavior.

C.To provide a safe world without tension for students.

D.To foster students’ intellectual and personal development.

4.Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?

A. B.

C. D.

Answer

1.B

2.A

3.D

4.C

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。本文介绍的是大学生自主性和成人身份认同的相关情况。最近二十年来的大学生比以往任何时候依赖于家庭，对自己应付的社会责任感下降，所以大学应该意识到培养学生自我发展和自我规范的重要性。

1.推理判断题。根据第一段The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性) and the development of adult identity. However, now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence, during which many of today’s students are not shouldered with adult responsibilities.可知，大学时代应该是自主发展和准备成为成年人的重要时期。然而，现在他们正成为一个青春期的延长期，在这期间，当今的学生没有承担成年人的责任。作者认为，大学不应该成为孩子们依赖的“家”，故判断出作者不赞成父母继续指导上大学的孩子。故选B。

2.词义猜测题。根据“from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility”可知，从受家庭的庇护到有自主性和肩负成年人的责任，这是一种转变、变化，故判断出划线词的意思是“改变”的意思。故选A。

3.细节理解题。根据第三段Intellectual growth and flexibility are fostered by strict debate and questioning. 智力的增长和灵活性是通过严格的辩论和提问培养出来的。根据最后一段Every college discussion about community values, social climate and behavior should include recognition of the developmental importance of student autonomy and self-regulation, of the necessary tension between safety and self-discovery. 每一个大学关于社区价值观、社会气氛和行为的讨论，都应该包括对学生自主和自我调节的发展重要性的认识，以及对安全和自我发现之间必要的张力的认识。由此判断出，根据作者，大学应该扮演培养学生的智力和个人发展的角色。故选D。

4.推理判断题。通读全篇可知，第一段提出论点，大学发展应该是大学时代应该是自主发展和准备成为成年人的重要时期，但现在他们正成为一个青春期的延长期，当今的学生没有承担成年人的责任。第二段分析其原因，目前这一代人，大学阶段本应该是独立阶段，而父母包办过多。第三，四段从学校和个人角度如何培养责任感和社交能力。第五，六段是三四段的延伸。最后一段呼吁大学应该意识到培养学生自我发展和自我规范的重要性。结合选项，故选C项。