Could blood shortages become a thing of the past? Bacterial enzymes (W) from the human gut (肠，内脏)turn type A blood into the type universally accepted for transfusions, and do it more efficiently than current methods.
Our blood comes in four main varieties: A, B, AB and O. The red blood cells in each type are similar in shape, but they have different sugars on their surfaces. Red blood cells in type A host a particular set of these sugars, with type B having a different set. AB blood cells carry both A and B sugars and type O cells have none.
These sugars can act as antigens(抗原),causing an immune response. For instance, transfusing type B blood into someone with type A can cause death. That is what makes anyone with type O blood a universal donor: there are none of these antigens. So being able to remove these sugars from A, B and AB type blood would be helpful, effectively making it usable in transfusions for all.
"We knew that those same sugars that are on our red blood cells are also produced on the inside of the gut wall," says Steve Withers at the University of British Columbia, Canada. So he and his colleagues started searching for bacteria in human waste (粪便)that might make enzymes that let them feed on and break down gut wall sugars.
Analyzing bacterial genes, they found a family of enzymes that help gut bacteria harvest the sugars. When the team combined the enzymes with type A blood, the sugars were removed from the blood cells, resulting in type O blood. The process is 30 times more efficient than an existing one involving other enzymes.
The bacterial enzymes will have to go through more safety testing before they can be used in blood for human transfusions, but it is a promising step, says Withers. He presented the work at a meeting of the American Chemical Society in Boston this week.
1.Why is a man with type O blood a universal donor?
A.The similar shape of his red blood cells.
B.No sugars on his red blood cells.
C.Different sugars on the blood cells.
D.Different quantity of his red blood cells.
2.How do researchers remove the sugars from blood cells?
A.By analyzing bacteria genes.
B.By combining the enzymes with blood.
C.By removing the enzymes from the cells.
D.By involving different enzymes in blood.
3.In which column of the newspaper can this passage be read?
A.Fashion and Lifestyle.
B.Finance and Business.
C.Travel and Sports.
D.Medicine and Health.
Airport security is there to protect you, but it may also make you feel bad or worse.
To all the places and surfaces we've been warned that are filled with bacteria-your pets, the subway seats, airplane cabins, the A. T. M.- add the airport security tray.
The plastic trays have been found to harbor a variety of germs including the ones responsible for the common cold.
Scientists examined frequently touched surfaces at Helsinki Airport in Finland during and after busy hours in the winter of 2016 and picked up marks o£ the influenza A virus and rhino virus, the source of the common cold. They found traces on half the luggage trays, more than on any of the other surfaces they tested. None of these viruses were found on toilet surfaces at the airport.
The findings could help improve public health strategies in the fight against the spread of infectious diseases worldwide. The study could also help educate people on how the infections we try to avoid each winter spread.
Many of the surfaces we touch on a daily basis harbor and can spread germs. But air travel is known to accelerate the worldwide spread of diseases.
"The presence of bacteria in the environment of an airport has not been investigated previously, '' said Niina Ikonen, who was involved in the study. She added that the results provided new ideas for technical improvements in airport design and refurbishment(翻新).
The results of the study did not prove that the viruses found can cause disease. But previous research had proved that bacteria can survive on various surfaces for several days.
Washing your hands properly and coughing into a handkerchief tissue or sleeve can help minimize the risk of infection. Professor Van-Tam said, ''These simple precautions can help prevent infections and are most important in crowded areas like airports that have a high volume of people traveling to and from many different parts of the world".
1.What's the result of scientists' examination at Helsinki Airport?
A.The influenza A virus and rhino virus existed everywhere.
B.The common cold was caused by Influenza A virus.
C.The luggage trays had the most viruses.
D.The toilet surfaces were the cleanest.
2.What can we know from Niina's study?
A.Virus can survive on airport surfaces for days.
B.Disease is spread mostly by air travel.
C.All the viruses on the surfaces cause diseases.
D.Some surfaces harbor or spread no bacteria.
3.What's Van-Tam's suggestion on preventing infections?
A.Not traveling abroad.
B.Taking care in airports or subways.
C.Not touching anything in the airport.
D.Avoiding crowded areas.
4.What does the passage mainly talk about?
A.Ways to spread virus.
B.Prevention of disease.
C.Virus found on the surfaces.
D.A disadvantage of airport security.
Steve Sterner's job as a pianist playing music for silent movies started on a fancy idea about four decades ago.
He was at a friend's party and decided to make sound by beating the ivories(象牙)while a silent cartoon played. Impressed with the performance, his friend invited him to play along to a full-length feature silent film at the theater.
This fall, Mr. Sterner, 67 years old, is celebrating his 35th anniversary as a piano accompanist at Film Forum by playing 12 silent movies of his choice at the theater in Greenwich Village, He has picked movies starring Harold Lloyd and Buster Keaton and ones directed by Frank Borzage. The series started in August and goes until early November.
''All these films are wonderfulsaid Mr. Sterner, who is also an actor and a singer. '' People might not have heard of or seen them, but they are little gems(宝石)waiting to be discovered. "The silent-film era peaked almost a century ago and fizzled out with the arrival of the talkies, or movies with synchronized(同步的)sound. But now, silent films are making a comeback in New York City, with increasing popularity among young people.
Film Forum, a nonprofit, puts on two to three silent movies with live accompanying music every quarter, including at least one silent comedy for its junior audience. These showings are always popular and often sold out, with at least 100 people typically attending each screening, according to its program director Bruce Goldstein.
Over the past three decades, he said he has seen more people, especially younger audiences, coming to see silent films.
"For many years people didn't pay attention to silent films," Mr. Goldstein said. "But now people discover that silent films are the roots for movies,"
“I feel like today because of smart phones and social media, our left brain is filled with information. Silent films, more than other forms of cinema, engage your right brain and use your imagination, Mr. Model said.
1.Why did Steve Sterner begin to accompany silent films?
A.He was invited by his friends. B.He was a famous actor and singer.
C.He was impressed with the cartoon. D.He liked beating ivories.
2.What do we know about Film Forum?
A.It was started by Steve Sterner. B.It makes money by giving shows.
C.It's designed to show popular films. D.It contributed to the popularity of silent films.
3.Which can replace the underlined phrase "fizzled out" in Para. 4?
A.Found its way. B.Became less popular.
C.Took off. D.Died out.
4.What is the purpose of this passage?
A.To introduce silent films.
B.To advertise the Film Forum.
C.To praise Steve Sterner's job.
D.To show the comeback of silent films.
Cruises
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Day 1. Fly from London to Bergen, Norway Transfer to the port and embark your ship Day 2. Flora-Molde, Norway Navigate through the pristine skernes and islands to reach the town of Alesund Day 3. Cross the Arctic Circle / Brenneysund- Svolvoer, Norway Today you'll enter the auroral zone, the best area to witness the legendary Northern Lights. On deck enjoy a traditional ceremony to mark crossing the Arctic Circle Day 4. Troms-Stamsund, Norway Enjoy the stunning views of the Vesteralen and Losten Islands including sheltered bays and glorious mountain landscapes Day 5. Bod-Rrvik, Norway See the spectacular winter scenery of the picturesque Hegeland coast, including the Seven Sisters Mountain Range and the distinctive Torghatten Mountain, pierced by a natural tunnel Day 6. Bergen, Norway Transfer to the airport for your flight to London Above is a selection o£ the ports of call visited. For a full itinerary, please ask your cruise specialist | • NORTHERN LIGHT PROMISE-Receive a free Hurtigruten voyage if the Northern Lights don't make an appearance. • 5 night full aboard voyage • Return flights from London and all overseas transfers • PLUS, book a polar outside cabin or above by 8:30pm 30th September 2018 to receive an EXCLUSIVE FREE £25 M&S Gift Card | |
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1.On which day is the activity the most important to the travel company?
A.Day 2, B.Day 3.
C.Day 4. D.Day 5.
2.Where can you enjoy the scenery o£ the Seven Sisters Mountain Range?
A.Flora-Molde, B.Brenneysund-Svolvoer.
C.Troms-Stamsund. D.Bod-Rrvik.
3.What can you get if you book a polar outside cabin on September 28th, 2018?
A.£25. B.A free voyage.
C.An M&S Gift Card. D.The bucket list experience.
4.How much should you pay in 2018 for two polar inside cabins with the given offer?
A.required deposit. B.£399.
C.£798. D.£748.
根据题中所给提示填写单词的正确形式，并在答题卡题号为86—95的相应位置上填写完整答案。
1.He said that he __________(更喜欢) making a speech without referring to his notes.
2.Bobby is a Cambridge __________（毕业生） and continues his studies in Princeton University.
3.The silly visitor ________ (忽视) the warnings and continued into the wild jungle.
4.After it ___________ (袭击) three children, the wild dog was controlled by the policemen.
5.I r_________ Sally immediately in the crowd due to her bright dress.
6.This hotel is famous for its service of high q__________，which makes customers feel at home.
7.Tom’s car was completely d__________ in the accident.
8.She enjoys being a doctor because it is a r__________job, from which she can get happiness and satisfaction by helping others.
9.All the people are born e__________, so they should have the same rights.
10.J__________from his appearance, the manger must be over fifty.
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
Everyone likes to have friends who are 1.(rely). When what we say matches what we do, we earn trust and friendship. Therefore, the2. (important) of keeping one's promise cannot be stressed too much.
There was a story of someone3. （break）his promise to his friend. Two men 4. were travelling through a forest together promised to help each other whatever danger threatened them. They had not gone far when a bear rushed at them from some bushes. One man was a good climber, and quickly climbed a nearby tree, but the other, seeing that he had no chance alone against the bear, fell flat 5.his back and pretended to be dead.
The Bear came up to him and sniffed at him. The Bear thought the man was dead, so he went off into the wood again without hurting him. When he had gone, the other traveler came down from his tree, and smilingly asked his companion what the Bear 6.(say) to him.“My 7.(good) friend, ” he said, “I saw the Bear put his mouth close to your ear. ” “He told me to tell you, ” replied the other8. (calm), “that you were 9.great coward, and that in future I should not trust those who make fine promises, but will not stand by their friends in danger. ”Don't trust fine promises 10. you are sure of the person who makes them.
