Question

    When you say that someone has a good memory, what exactly do you mean? Are you saying that the person has fast recall or that he or she ______ information quickly? Or maybe you just mean that the person remembers a lot about her or his childhood. The truth is that it is ______ to say exactly what memory is. Even scientists who have been studying memory for decades say they are still trying to ______ exactly what it is. But we do know that a particular memory is not just one thing stored somewhere in the brain. ______ , a memory is made up of bits and pieces of information stored all over the brain. Perhaps the best way to ______ memory is to say that it is a process-a process of recording, storing, and getting back information. Practice and repetition can help to ______ the pieces that make up our memory of that information.

Memory can be negatively affected by a number of things. ______  nutrition can affect a person’s ability to store information. Excessive alcohol use can also ______ memory and cause permanent ______ to the brain over the long term. A vision or hearing problem may affect a person’s ability to notice certain things, thus making it ______ to register information in the brain.

When people talk about memory, they often ______ both short-term memory and long-term memory. If you want to call a store or an office that you don’t call often, you look in the telephone book for the number. You dial the number, and then you forget it! You use your short-term memory to remember the number. Your short-term memory lasts about 30 seconds, or half a minute. ______ , you don’t need to look in the telephone book for your best friend’s number, because you already know it. This number is in your long-term memory, which ______ information about things you have learned and experienced through the years.

Why do you forget things sometimes? The major reason for forgetting something is that you did not learn it well enough ______. For example, if you meet some new people and right away forget their names, it is because you did not ______ the names at the first few seconds when you heard them.

1.A.collects B.examines C.publishes D.absorbs

2.A.necessary B.important C.difficult D.convenient

3.A.figure out B.take out C.put out D.give out

4.A.After all B.Instead C.By contrast D.Besides

5.A.recall B.refresh C.describe D.decrease

6.A.lose B.organize C.identify D.strengthen

7.A.Poor B.Adequate C.Special D.Various

8.A.increase B.weaken C.promote D.maintain

9.A.benefit B.offence C.effect D.damage

10.A.easier B.more impressive C.harder D.more convenient

11.A.refer to B.apply for C.come across D.break down

12.A.Furthermore B.However C.Consequently D.Otherwise

13.A.leaks B.transmits C.checks D.stores

14.A.in the middle B.at the end C.in the beginning D.ahead of time

15.A.restore B.record C.replace D.respond

Answer

1.D

2.C

3.A

4.B

5.C

6.D

7.A

8.B

9.D

10.C

11.A

12.B

13.D

14.C

15.B

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。文章是关于记忆力的，记忆力分为短时记忆和长期记忆，文章还介绍了什么因素会影响记忆力等。

1.考查动词词义辨析。句意：你是说这个人可以很快地回忆起某件事情还是能很快的理解信息。A. collect收集；B. process处理，加工；C. publish出版；D. absorb吸收，理解。此处表“理解信息”，absorb意为“吸收，理解”，故选D。

2.考查形容词义辨析。句意：事实是很难说清楚到底记忆力是什么。A. necessary必要的；B. important重要的；C. difficult困难的；D. convenient方便的。根据下文Even scientists who have been studying memory for decades say they are still trying to ___3___ exactly what it is.可知研究记忆力数十年的科学家仍然还在试图解决记忆力到底是什么。所以要弄清记忆力是什么很难（difficult）。故选C。

3.考查动词短语辨析。句意：甚至连研究了几十年记忆力的科学家们还在试图解决记忆力到底是什么。A. figure out解决，算出；B. take out拿出来；C. put out扑灭；D. give out分发，用完，筋疲力尽。科学家应该是解决问题，figure out意为“解决，算出”，故选A。

4.考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们确实知道的是特定的记忆不仅仅是储存在大脑的某个地方，而是由存在整个大脑中的信息碎片组成的。A. after all毕竟；B. instead代替，而是；C. by contrast相比之下；D. besides除此以外。根据句意，这里表示不是前面的，而是后面的内容，instead意为“而是”，故选B。

5.考查动词义辨析。句意：或许描述记忆力最好的方式是说它是一个过程——一个记录，储存和找回信息的过程。A. recall召回，回忆起；B. refresh恢复精神；C. describe描述；D. decrease减少。根据上下，前文用的是saying和mean，都是在对记忆力进行描述（describe），故选C。

6.考查动词义辨析。句意：练习和重复可以帮助强化组成记忆的信息碎片。A. lose失去；B. organize组织；C. identify确定，鉴定；D. strengthen强化。由前文a memory is made up of bits and pieces of information stored all over the brain.可知记忆力是由存在整个大脑中的信息碎片组成的，所以Practice and repetition能强化联系。strengthen意为“强化”。故选D。

7.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：缺乏营养能影响一个人储备信息的能力。A. Poor缺乏的；贫穷的；B. Adequate足够的；C. Special特别的；D. Various多样的。前文Memory can be negatively affected by a number of things.记忆力会受很多事情的消极影响，poor与negatively呼应，意为“缺乏的；贫穷的”，故选A。

8.考查动词义辨析。句意：长期酗酒会弱化记忆力，造成永久性的大脑损伤。A. increase增加；B. weaken减少；使变弱；C. promote促进；D. maintain维持。前文Memory can be negatively affected by a number of things.记忆力会受很多事情的消极影响，所以喝酒造成的就应该是记忆力弱化（weaken），故选B。

9.考查名词词义辨析。句意：长期酗酒会弱化记忆力，造成永久性的大脑损伤。A. benefit益处；B. offence冒犯；C. effect效果；D. damage损害。根据前文Excessive alcohol use can also ___8___ memory，酗酒弱化记忆力，所以会损伤大脑（damage），故选D。

10.考查形容词义辨析。句意：视觉或听力问题会影响注意某些特定事情的能力，这样也使在大脑中记录信息更加困难。A. easier更容易；B. more impressive更印象深刻；C. harder更难；D. more convenient更方便。听力或视力受损，记忆力应该会变差，因此记忆会更难（harder）。故选C。

11.考查动词短语辨析。句意：当人们谈论记忆时，往往指的是短期记忆和长期记忆。A. refer to指的是；B. apply for申请；C. come across偶然遇到；D. break down发生故障。根据语境，此处意为“指的是”，故选A。

12.考查副词义辨析。句意：你的短时记忆持续30秒，或者半分钟。然而，你不需要在电话本中找你最好朋友的电话号码。因为你已经记住了。A. furthermore此外，而且；B. however然而；C. consequently因此，结果；D. otherwise否则。下文与上文之间表示转折，用however（然而），故选B。

13.考查动词短语辨析。句意：电话号码在你的长期记忆里，长期记忆储存的是多年来你已经学会和经历的事情。A. leak泄露；B. transmit传输，传播；C. check检查；D. store储存。前文because you already know it.说明已经储存下来了，store意为“储存”，故选D。

14.考查介词短语辨析。句意：会遗忘的理由是是因为你一开始就没有学好。The major reason for forgetting something is that you did not learn it well enough ___14___. A. in the middle在中间；B. at the end最后；C. in the beginning 开始；D. ahead of time提前。根据下文 at the first few seconds when you heard them可知，是最开始没记住会造成记得遗忘，in the beginning意为“开始”，故选C。

15.考查动词义辨析。句意：如果你遇到一些人，马上就忘记了他们的名字，那是因为你在听到他们名字的前几秒根本就没有记下来。A. restore恢复，修复；B. record记录；C. replace代替；D. respond反应。前文的forget their names说明没记录下来，record意为“记，记录”，故选B。