Question

    When a friend comes to you after a stressful day, how do you comfort them? Do you let them complain? Do you pour them a glass of wine? Those could work. But a new study finds that a very effective technique is also simple and easy — hugging.

Michael Murphy is a psychology expert at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. He wanted to know if people who received hugs regularly could handle stress and conflict belief. " Individuals who report perceiving the availability of a network of supportive individuals lead to show better adaptation when faced with stress. But your just having a support network does not mean that you definitely feel that support, he said. "So some researchers have argued that many of the behaviors we use to support others who are stressed might actually be counterproductive, because  behaviors might unintentionally communicate to others that they're not able to manage stress."  he added.

Murphy and his team interviewed 404 men and women every evening for two weeks. During these interviews, the participants were asked a simple yes — or — no question — whether somebody had hugged them that day — and a simple yes or no question of whether they had experienced conflict or tension with somebody that day.

They also were asked questions about their social interactions — how many social，interactions they had that day and responded to questions about negative and positive mood states . And the researchers found that individuals who experienced a conflict were not as negatively affected if they received a hug that day as were participants who experienced conflict and didn't get a hug. Murphy and his team also saw that people who received a hug didn't carry the negative effect to the next day, while those who did not receive a hug would. The findings are in the journal PLOS ONE.

Murphy does include this warning: "So our findings should not be taken as evidence that people should just start hugging anyone and everyone who seems distressed. A hug from one boss at work or a stranger on the street could be viewed as neither agreeable nor positive. " The idea is to relieve stress. Not add to it.

1.What does the first paragraph serve as?

A.A lead-in B.A background

C.An argument D.A summary.

2.Why did the researchers interview those people?

A.To test the influence of hugging.

B.To find out causes of their conflicts.

C.To ask for advice on relieving stress.

D.To seek ways to comfort troubled people.

3.What do Murphy's words warn in the end?

A.The interview results prove their findings.

B.A boss should comfort workers by hugging.

C.There are some limitations of their findings.

D.People should hug others regularly and actively.

4.Which can be the best title for the text?

A.Everyone Needs Hugs B.A Hug Could Do Anything

C.How to Comfort Your Friends D.Hugs Seem to Reduce Stress

Answer

1.A

2.A

3.C

4.D

【解析】

本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了新的研究发现，安慰别人的一个非常有效也是简单易行的方法－拥抱。

1.推理判断题。 第一段指出Those could work. But a new study finds that a very effective technique is also simple and easy - hugging.但一项新的研究发现，一种非常有效的技术也是简单易行的。接下来文章讲述了对这一发现进行的研究调查可知知，第一段用来导入主题。故选A。

2.推理判断题。根据文章第二段 Michael Murphy is a psychology expert at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. He wanted to know if people who received hugs regularly could handle stress and conflict belief.迈克尔•墨菲是匹兹堡卡内基梅隆大学的心理学专家，他想知道那些经常接受拥抱的人是否能处理压力和冲突信念。可知研究人员要采访这些人，为了测试拥抱的影响。故选A。

3.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段"So our findings should not be taken as evidence that people should just start hugging anyone and everyone who seems distressed. A hug from one boss at work or a stranger on the street could be viewed as neither agreeable nor positive.因此，我们的调查结果不应被视为人们应该开始拥抱任何人和每一个看起来很痛苦的人的证据。从一个老板或一个陌生人在街上拥抱可以被认为是既不愉快也不积极的，可知墨菲的话警告了他们的发现有一些局限性。故选C。

4.主旨大意题。文章介绍了一个新的研究发现，拥抱可知减缓人的压力，尤其是根据文章第一段 But a new study finds that a very effective technique is also simple and easy - hugging.但一项新的研究发现，一个非常有效的技术也是简单易行的就是拥抱。可知，拥抱似乎能减轻压力最适合这篇文章的标题。故选D。