Scientists may have found a way to reduce shortage of type O blood. Type O is the kind of blood that hospitals most often need. What the researchers are testing is an easier way to make type O blood out of other kinds of blood.
There are four main kinds of blood. Most people born with one of these four: Type A,Type B, Type AB or Type O. Type O can be safely given to anyone. So it is commonly used when a person is injured or sick and has to have blood.
The differences among blood types are linked to whether or not red blood cells contain certain kinds of sugar molecules(分子). These molecules are found on the surface of the cells.They are known as antigens (抗原). These antigens are found with type A, B and AB blood but not with type O.
More than twenty-five years ago, scientists found that the antigens could be removed to create what they called universal-type cells. They could be removed with chemicals called enzymes(酶). But large amounts of enzymes were required to make the change.
Doctor Henrik Clausen of the University of Copenhagen in Denmark led the study. The next step, he says, is to complete safety tests. The team is working with the American company ZymeQuest to test the new method. If it meets safety requirements(*k)and is not too costly,it could become a widely used life-saving tool to increase the supply of universal blood.
1.How do scientists deal with the problem of lacking type O blood?
A.Hope more people to donate type O blood.
B.Make the most of the present type O blood.
C.Develop new ways of using type O blood.
D.Make type O blood out of other kinds of blood.
2.What make people have different kinds of blood?
A.Sugar molecules in red blood cells.
B.People's different living conditions.
C.Peoples various immune systems.
D.The variety of peoples cells and genes.
3.What can we infer from the text?
A.Type O blood can be safely given to anyone
B.Antigens could easily be removed to create universal blood.
C.A Danish company wanted to involve itself in studying blood.
D.The new method is not safe enough to be put into use in hospitals now.
4.What is the best title for the text?
A.Four different kinds of blood
B.A new way to make type O blood
C.The latest research on blood type
D.Find the proper type of blood
Rakesh Shukla is a talented software engineer and CEO of a successful tech company.But among India's animal lovers he is known as "The Dog Father, an outstanding man who founded the country's most advanced dog rescue center and who personally takes care of 735 stray(流浪的) and abandoned dogs that nobody else wants.
12 years ago, Rakesh and his wife founded a tech company which quickly became successful, but he still didn’t feel happy and satisfied. It wasn’t until 2009, when Kavya,a beautiful dog, came into his life that he truly felt that his life had meaning. Three months later,he got a second dog, this time a stray called Lucky. Over the next few weeks, whenever Rakesh saw a stray or an abandoned dog, he just brought it home. The number grew quickly.
In 2011, he founded the Voice of Stray Dogs, a dog rescue organization working to support the strays of Bangalore. Today, it is the world's largest citywide dog rescue center.
He kept adopting stray and abandoned dogs. By 2015, he had spent over $ 1 million of his own money to rescue over 5,000 stray dogs in Bangalore, not to mention taking care of the hundreds that lived at his shelter permanently. Facing a series of problems, while providing the city a free service, he decided that people who need a dog rescued have to pay a 2, 500 rupee($37)fee.
Rakesh Shukla is viewed by many as a hero, and a human champion of stray and abandoned dogs in Bangalore.
1.We know from the first paragraph that Rakesh____________.
A.is well-known as a software engineer and CEO.
B.quit his job to take care of the abandoned dogs.
C.founded the most advanced dog rescue center in India.
D.looked for their owners for the strays or abandoned dogs.
2.When did Rakesh begin to have dogs in his care?
A.In 2006 B.In 2009
C.In 2011. D.In 2015
3.The Voice of Stray Dogs_________.
A.was set up by Rakesh's wife
B.is making a study on the strays
C.collects information about the strays
D.is the worlds largest citywide dog rescue center
4.Why did Rakesh decide to ask for a fee from people who need dogs?
A.He faced lack of money B.He doesn’t want to lose his dogs
C.He wants people to treat dogs better D.He wants to make money by selling dogs
Working or learning in a foreign country can be a difficult experience. The hardest part of working abroad isn't finding a place to stay or learning the language. It's learning to overcome the culture shock.
These things are part of everyday life, and include many signs, gestures, facial expressions ,and customs. When we enter a new culture, these cues (提示)are usually not present or so different that they’re no longer understandable to us.
“When a person enters a foreign culture, ” wrote Oberg, “all or most of these familiar cues are eliminated. He or she is like a fish out of water. No matter how broad-minded he or she may be, lots of props(支柱) have been knocked out from the environment.”
This is what happened to Lara, a young IT consultant (顾问) from America moved last year to their company in southern Europe. Three weeks after she arrived in Europe. Lara sent a desperate e-mail begging to return home. “The people are so unfriendly, ”Lara wrote ,"They eat at strange hours and I'm starting to get allergic (过敏的)to the local food. I can't get anything done because their way of doing business is so disorganized and so inefficient and I have a terrible skin itch because of the water. I want to come home! ”
What Lara and other IT consultants meet on their first assignment abroad is a culture shock. While you can’t prevent the culture shock from happening, you can take some measures to cut down its effects.
1.What is the most difficult part for a foreign student?
A.Entering a famous school.
B.Finding a right place to live.
C.Adapting to the local culture.
D.Learning the foreign language.
2.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “eliminated”in Paragraph 4?
A.solved B.measured
C.observed D.removed.
3.What happened to Lara when she arrived in Europe?
A.Her life got into a mess.
B.She worked more efficient than at home.
C.She couldn’t get on well with her colleagues.
D.She was out of condition because of the weather
4.Why does the author describe Lara’s experience?
A.To tell us how she manages to work well.
B.To explain to us what the culture shock is.
C.To show us how to adapt to the culture shock.
D.To show us where we'll meet with the culture shock.
Prague is cracking! My sister was right. It really is one of Europe's most popular tourist attractions, which has beautiful old buildings. So far, my favorite place is Prague Castle. I think it is the largest ancient castle in the world. Prague also has a lot of cultural events, like the World Dance Festival. I went to a ballet(芭蕾舞剧) just last night.
——Lily
I've come to Shanghai at the right time. It was exciting! There are many tourists there. It has some wonderful buildings from the 1930s. Yesterday was the Dragon Boat Festival. I went on a night cruise(乘船游览) of the Huangpu River last night. I met some great people on the boat, mostly foreigners, like me.
——Stan
Buenos Aires is a fun city. I'm staying near the mile-long shopping street called Calle Florida. It is a great place to meet people and watch dancers perform the tango. Buenos Aires is the birthplace of the tango.
I also spent a day in the suburb of Tigre. It's about 30 km from the capital, and you can get there quickly by train. However, I chose to take a boat on the canals of the Parana Delta.
——Melinda
1.What can be learned according to Lily?
A.Prague is a modern city.
B.Prague is worth visiting.
C.Prague is most famous for its ballet.
D.Prague is the largest ancient castle in the world.
2.Both Stan and Melinda__________.
A.took a boat trip. B.saw a lot of old buildings
C.went to a festival D.travelled by train
3.The passage is probably taken out of__________.
A.a history book B.a news report
C.a travel website D.a personal diary
假定你是李华，你所在的城市正在举办一场图书展销会（book fair），请你写封邮件邀请你校交换生Linda一同前往参加。内容要点如下：
1. 写信目的；
2. 图书展销会基本情况（时间、地点、图书种类、购书优惠等）。
注意：1. 字数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Linda,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。 文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。 每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
With the development of modern industry, the environment is becoming worse and worse. This is high time that we took action and we would have nowhere to live. As high school student, we can protect the environment by live a low-carbon life.
Firstly, we should turn on the lights when we are not using them to save the electricity. Secondly, when we went out, we should walk or ride bikes if possibly. If we travel to places far away, they can take public transport.
Finally, it’s also a good idea reuse things in our daily life, such as paper, bottles and cans.
