Question

Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

1. (be) a successful speaker is no easy thing. It is essential for you to know why you are speaking and 2. you wish to accomplish by your speech. The four most common purposes of speech are to inform, to convince, to move to action, and to entertain. Do you, like a teacher or an expert in a field, wish to illustrate your ideas in detail to people unfamiliar with your subject 3. they can understand your ideas clearly and thoroughly? Or, like a debater, wish 4. (convince) the judges or the audience? Or, like a fund collector for a naturalist foundation, wish to get money? Or, like a comedian or after-dinner speaker, wish to entertain? The language and tone you use 5. be proper for your purpose, for your audience, and for the occasion. A speech to the graduating class will have quite different language, tone and manner from information 6. (deliver) to a group of your friends.

Furthermore, 7. talented the speaker is, a talk without enough preparation is usually 8. failure. To speak without preparing is to shoot without 9. (take) aim. Decide what your aim or objective is; then state it in a complete topic sentence. Make sure that your subject 10. (be) definite and not too broad.

Answer

1.To be

2.what

3.so that

4.to convince

5.must

6.delivered

7.however

8.a

9.taking

10.is

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了要想成为一名成功的演说家是不容易的，你的演说里必须包含最常见的四个目的是传递信息、说服、采取行动和娱乐。

1.考查非谓语动词。句意：要想成为一名成功的演说家是不容易的。分析句子可知，To be a successful speaker是句子的主语，所以这里是不定式短语做主语。故填To be。

2.考查宾语从句。句意：你必须知道你为什么要演讲，以及你希望通过演讲来实现什么目标。分析句子可知，本句里有is、are speaking、wish三个动词和why一个连词，所以缺少一个连词；再因为wish是个及物动词，需要用what来做宾语。故填what。

3.考查状语从句。句意：你是否像老师或某个领域的专家一样，希望向不熟悉你的学科的人详细阐述你的观点，这样他们才能清楚透彻地理解你的观点。分析句子可知，本句里有wish、can understand两个动词，无连词；所以用so that(因此，以便于)符合语意。故填so that。

4.考查非谓语动词。句意：或者，像辩手一样，希望说服评委或观众? wish to do sth.“希望做某事”是固定搭配，用不定式做宾语。故填to convince。

5.考查情态动词。句意：你使用的语言和语气必须适合你的目的、你的听众和场合。分析句子可知，空格后be用的是原形，又结合语境，需要填must(必须)表示强烈的感情。故填must。

6.考查过去分词做定语。句意：向毕业班发表的演讲与向一群朋友发表的演讲在语言、语气和方式上都有很大的不同。分析句子可知，information和deliver之间存在着被动关系，这里是过去分词短语修饰information，需要放在所修饰名词之后。故填delivered。

7.考查让步状语从句。句意：此外，无论演讲者多有有才华，但没有做好充分准备的演讲通常会失败。分析句子可知，句中有两个动词is，没有连词，所以这里需要填连词；又结合语意，需要用however(无论如何，不管怎样)来表示让步。故填however。

8.考查冠词。句意：此外，无论演讲者多有有才华，但没有做好充分准备的演讲通常会是个失败。failure“失败，不及格”是个名词。本身是个抽象名词，所以不可数。但是当抽象名词具体化，表示“失败的人或事情”时，就是可数的；分析句子可知，a talk without enough preparation is usually a failure(没有充足准备的演讲就是一个失败的演讲)，failure是以辅音音素开头的词，应使用不定冠词a。故填a。

9.考查动名词。句意：说话不准备，犹如射击不瞄准。分析句子可知，without是个介词，后面要加动名词。故填taking。

10.考查时态及主谓一致。句意：确保你的主题是明确的，不要太宽泛。分析句子可知，your subject是从句中的主语，是单数可数名词，而且整篇文章的时态是一般现在时。故填is。