Question

    Researchers in Singapore found that eating mushrooms over twice per week could help prevent memory and language problems later in life.

According to the study, published in the Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, there is a unique antioxidant (抗氧化物质) present in mushrooms that helps protect certain brain functions.

Researchers observed 663 Chinese adults aged over 60 whose diets and lifestyles were tracked from 2011 to 2017. In the study, the participants were asked how often they ate six different types of mushrooms: oyster, shiitake, white button, dried, golden and tinned. The findings showed that eating more than two shares of mushrooms per week somehow lowered the chances of mild cognitive impairment (MCi) by 50% against those who ate fewer than one share.

MCI is a condition that can make people forgetful, affect their memory and cause problems with language, attention and finding the exact position of objects in space. Changes in behavior can be not very noticeable and not serious enough to be known as dementia (痴呆).

Participants who ate more mushrooms were found to perform better in thinking and processing exams and also exhibited a faster processing speed. The advantage was reportedly more apparent in those who ate more than two shares a week or more than 300 grams.

The scientists pointed out, however, that they have yet to put up a direct link between the fungi and brain function.

The researchers also acknowledged that since this study mainly relied on self-reported information on mushroom intake and other dietary factors (因素), further studies may be required.

Still, the lead study author Lei Feng is encouraged by their findings.

“This correlation is surprising and encouraging,” Lei said.

Mushrooms are one of the richest dietary sources of ergothioneine — a matter which humans can’t make on our own.

1.What are the findings in paragraph 3 about?

A.Diets and lifestyles. B.The percent of MCI.

C.The types of mushrooms. D.The benefit of eating mushrooms.

2.What can we know about MCI?

A.It can strengthen memory. B.It can result in language problems.

C.It can make people get lost. D.It can lessen the chance of forgetfulness.

3.What is the result if students often eat more mushrooms?

A.They will take the exams much more easily

B.Their academic performance improves greatly

C.Their thinking ability is better than the majority

D.They will love communicating with others.

4.Where does the text most probably appear?

A.Scientific fiction. B.An advertisement.

C.A science report. D.Adult literature.

Answer

1.D

2.B

3.A

4.C

【解析】

本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了最新研究得出的结论：多吃蘑菇对人的记忆和语言功能等方面有好处。

1.推理判断题。根据第三段中的The findings showed that eating more than two shares of mushrooms per week somehow lowered the chances of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) by 50% against those who ate fewer than one share.可知，研究结果表明，每周食用两份以上蘑菇的人，其轻度认知障碍(MCI)的几率比那些食用量不足一份的人要低50%。由此可知，第三段主要介绍了吃蘑菇的好处的研究发现。故选D。

2.细节理解题。根据第四段中的MCI is a condition that can make people forgetful，affect their memory and cause problems with language, attention and finding the exact position of objects in space.可知，MCI是一种会使人健忘、影响记忆、在语言、注意力和确定物体在空间中的确切位置方面产生问题的疾病。由此可知，MCI会造成语言问题。故选B。

3.推理判断题。根据第五段中的Participants who ate more mushrooms were found to perform better in thinking and processing exams and also exhibited a faster processing speed.可知，研究发现，吃蘑菇多的参与者在思考和处理考试时表现得更好，处理速度也更快。由此可知，如果学生多吃蘑菇，他们能够从容应对考试。故选A。

4.推理判断题。文章主要介绍了经常吃蘑菇的好处，即预防老年记忆力与语言问题，并阐述了其相关细节，由此可推断，本文最有可能出现在科学报道中。故选C。