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All scientists subscribe to the view that the increase in the earth’s temperature is due to the burning of fossil fuels like coal, natural gas and oil to produce energy. Some byproducts of this process1. (call) “greenhouse” gases, and the most important one of2.is carbon dioxide. Dr. Janice Foster explained “There is a natural phenomenon3.is called the greenhouse effect. This is when small amounts of gases in the atmosphere, like carbon dioxide, methane and water vapour trap heat from the sun and therefore warm the earth. 4.for the greenhouse effect, the earth would be about 33 degrees Celsius cooler than it is. So, we need those gases. The problem begins when we add huge quantities of extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. It means that more heat energy tends to be trapped in the atmosphere 5. (cause) the global temperature to go up.
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Natural herbal medicines have been a part of the medicine world for a long time, and different cultures have used them in 1.(variety) ways. Many people use them for therapeutic (治疗的) purposes 2. for medicinal purposes. The use of herbs is widely known to be safe because the ingredients are natural and therefore have very few side effects when they 3.(take) .
The main purpose of natural Herbal medicines is to help the body return to its normal state so that it can be restored 4.(complete). Different herbs when taken will work differently in the body system and therefore bring the desirable healing effects. They work by 5.(make) the immune system function well and also promote the well-being of the body before any illness 6.(set) in. Additionally, natural herbal medicines can reduce anxiety, depression, exhaustion, stress, etc, as they help your 7.(nerve) calm down.
Despite many advantages of natural herbal medicines, you should take something 8. consideration when you use them. For instance, don't use them in cases 9. the conventional drugs are supposed to be used. It's important to seek medical advice before taking any herbal drugs 10.(avoid) any harmful effects on the body. Moreover, it's also good to consult your doctor to get the correct amount and also the exact type of drug for the particular disease you have.
The snow was falling and the roads had become dangerous. The schools were dismissed early, but much to my surprise, my______ wasn't canceled. So I went, feeling especially heroic. As far as I could see, I was risking my life to keep my______. Snow or no snow, I would be on time for my scheduled donation at the local______ center.
When I got there, I discovered I wasn't______. Four more “hero-types” were already lying back in donor chairs with lines______to their veins(静脉), and machines quietly pumping away to______ their life-saving gifts.
Seeing my fellow donors honoring their own commitments, I realized why I was there. I lay back in my donor chair, ready to make a______ to the life of someone I would never______.
To be honest, I'd never really thought about why I donate. I just did it.______a few months ago, during one of my______ donations I learned that my blood was specifically for a cancer patient and for a newborn baby — both patients needed what I would give in order to live. I've viewed my visits to the blood center______ ever since.
My wife Karen is a______, too. And more importantly, she has been on the bone marrow(骨髓) list for fifteen years, ever since she______ to provide bone marrow to a kindergartner with leukemia (白血病). That little girl died before Karen's bone marrow could help her, but Karen was called again recently. Her test results were still on file, and it turned out she was a potential______ for someone else. The caller asked Karen if she would still be willing to become a bone marrow donor. “Yes,” she said and then immediately began answering questions on the pages of paperwork for further testing. It was a ______ against time.
I wish I could say that this race was______. Unluckily, it wasn't. The caller later thanked Karen for her participation and asked a few more questions-including whether or not she'd______ on the donor list. “Of course,” Karen answered.
Last week Karen gave blood and next week I'll make my usual donation. I'll clear an afternoon from my schedule and make an appointment. I don't know whose life my donation may______. Most likely it will be a______, but on any day the person needing blood could be you or me or maybe a loved one. It is worthwhile to______our time to donate.
I really do feel proud every time I donate. And I like the feeling.
1.A.training B.class C.appointment D.flight
2.A.secret B.balance C.shape D.word
3.A.blood B.research C.service D.care
4.A.alone B.welcome C.late D.lucky
5.A.exposed B.attached C.applied D.added
6.A.check B.produce C.collect D.clean
7.A.meaning B.decision C.difference D.choice
8.A.recognize B.meet C.miss D.forget
9.A.And B.Because C.So D.But
10.A.regular B.unexpected C.special D.pleasant
11.A.differently B.wisely C.hesitantly D.carefully
12.A.receiver B.doctor C.patient D.donor
13.A.built up B.signed up C.gave up D.took up
14.A.risk B.customer C.match D.partner
15.A.struggle B.race C.test D.write
16.A.fixed B.finished C.shifted D.won
17.A.rank B.sign C.appear D.remain
18.A.move B.affect C.create D.enrich
19.A.stranger B.child C.hero D.friend
20.A.waste B.save C.take D.kill
Radar（雷达） is an electronic device that detects planes, ships, coastlines, landmarks, and even storm clouds. The name radar comes from the first letters of the words radio direction and ranging. As the human eye uses light waves to see, radar “sees” with radio waves. Without radar, planes could not land safely in bad weather and ships could not move safely in thick fog.1.
In the 1800s it was discovered that radio waves could be reflected from objects. But scientists did not make great advances in radar research until the 1930s, when the world was threatened by war.2. It has been used widely in almost every conflict since then.
Echoes make it possible for radar to work. When a beam of radio waves is sent out, it strikes on an object and returns an echo. This echo is picked up by radar and recorded on a screen similar to television screen. On the screen an observer sees a flash, or a blip, that shows the direction and distance of the object.3.
Airport control towers use radar to guide planes in for safe landings. Almost all large ships depend on radar to prevent collisions with icebergs or other ships. 4.Weather forecasters “see” the size, direction, and speed of storms on radar screens. Astronomers can even use radar to measure accurately the distance to the moon. Thus, the device has generated major advancements.
5. Huge radar antennas have been installed all over the United States. They guard us against possible enemy attacks. We have ballistic—missiles (战略导弹)warning systems that can alert us to attacks when missiles are more than 1,000 miles away. Other radar systems warn us against enemy aircraft and even spying space satellites.
A. Police track speeders in radar-equipped cars.
B. These measurements are now highly accurate.
C. The device can be used in a wide range of fields.
D. During World War II many countries used radar effectively.
E. It is therefore especially valuable to shippers and travelers.
F. Today radar is used by commercial airliners and weather forecasters.
G. Strengthening national defense is one of radar’s most important functions.
Sea turtles are one of several species that have temperature-dependent sex determination. The number of female babies increases when nests are made in warmer sands.
A recent study by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, California State University and Worldwide Fund for Nature Australia examined two genetically distinct populations of green sea turtles living in the Great Barrier Reef. The study found that a group of about 200,000 turtles living in the northern part of the reef was almost entirely female.
While the southern population was 65 to 69 percent female, females in the northern group accounted for 99.1 percent of young turtles and 86.8 percent of adults.
After combining their results with temperature data, the scientists in charge of the study found that the northern green turtles have been producing mainly females for more than two decades and that the complete feminization(雌性化) of this population is possible in the near future.
The temperature at which the turtles will produce male or female babies can be passed on to the turtles' children. Most sea turtle populations are now producing offspring above the most suitable temperature, making it clear that climate change causes a serious threat to the survival of these populations.
The chief executive Of World Wildlife Fund Australia, Dermot O'Gorman, said this is another sign of the impact of climate change, following recent research that shows that coral bleaching (珊瑚白化) events are occurring far more frequently than in the past.
“We've had two years where we've had mass bleaching events on the Great Barrier Reef,” he told Guardian Australia. “That's a very visible sign of the impact of climate change. But this is a quiet change. We can't see the impact it's having on a turtle population until a study like this shows some long-term trends.”
The lead author of the paper, Dr Michael Jensen, said the findings represent a major environmental conservation issue.
O'Gorman said more urgent action on climate change is clearly needed, adding that some conservationists have already taken practical measures, such as using shade cloth on turtle nesting beaches to lower the sand temperature, and reducing bycatch(误捕) in the fishing industry.
"Shade cloth can be used in certain places, but there's a limit to the scale you can do that, " he said. "Now every large male who can reproduce is going to be even more important.
1.According to the research on Great Barrier Reef's green sea turtles, __________.
A.about 65 to 69 percent of northern turtles are female
B.86.8 percent of southern turtles have grown up to adults
C.the feminization of green sea turtles could become worse
D.adult green Sea turtles can change their sex in warmer places
2.Why did O'Gorman mention coral bleaching?
A.To suggest that climate change poses more risks to coral than turtles.
B.To compare the living environments of turtles and coral.
C.To urge people to take practical measures to fight climate change.
D.To stress this discovery about green sea turtles is very valuable.
3.Conservationists are taking action to __________.
A.keep the sea turtles' nests cool
B.stop the illegal fishing of green sea turtles
C.expand the size of the green sea turtles' nesting places
D.build special nests for turtles to produce offspring
4.Which would be the best title for the article?
A.How climate change affects ocean creatures
B.Invisible change caused by global warming exposed
C.Necessity of protecting green sea turtles and their habitat
D.Global green sea turtle populations in greater danger
Aging happens to all of us, and is generally thought as a natural part of life. It would seem silly to call such a thing a “disease”.
On the other hand, scientists are increasingly learning that aging and biological age are two different things, and that the former is a key risk factor for conditions such as heart disease, cancer and many more. In that light, aging itself might be seen as something treatable, the way you would treat high blood pressure or a vitamin deficiency.
Biophysicist Alex Zhavoronkov believes that aging should be considered a disease. He said that describing aging as a disease creates encouragement to develop treatments.
“It unties the hands of the pharmaceutical(制药的) industry so that they can begin treating the disease and not just the side effects,” he said.
“Right now, people think of aging as natural and something you can't control.” he said. “In academic circles, people take aging research as just an interest area where they can try to develop interferences. The medical community also takes aging for granted, and can do nothing about it except keep people within a certain health range. ”
But if aging were recognized as a disease, he said, “It would attract funding and change the way we do health care. What matters is understanding that aging is curable.”
“It was always known that the body accumulates damage” he added. “The only way to cure aging is to find ways to repair that damage. I think of it as preventive medicine for age-related conditions. ”
Leonard Hayflick, a professor at the University of California, San Francisco, said the idea that aging can be cured implies the human lifespan can be increased, which some researchers suggest is possible. Hayflick is not among them.
“There're many people who recover from cancer, stroke, or heart disease. But they continue to age, because aging is separate from their disease,” Hayflick said. “Even if those causes of death were removed, life expectancy would still not go much beyond 92 years.”
1.What do people generally believe about aging?
A.It should cause no alarm whatever the circumstances.
B.It should be regarded as a kind of disease.
C.They just cannot do anything about it.
D.They can delay it with advances in science.
2.How do many scientists view aging now?
A.It might be prevented and treated.
B.It can be as risky as heart disease.
C.It results from a vitamin deficiency.
D.It is an irreversible(不可逆转的) biological process.
3.What do we learn about the medical community?
A.They now have a strong interest in research on aging.
B.They differ from the academic circles in their view on aging.
C.They have ways to prevent people's aging process.
D.They can contribute to people's health only to a limited extent.
4.What does Professor Leonard Hayflick believe?
A.Aging is hardly separate from disease.
B.The human lifespan cannot be lengthened.
C.Few people live up to the age of 92.
D.Heart disease is the major cause of aging.
