The brain is a remarkable part.It's responsible for thoughts and feelings.Now a new study finds that going through tough times as a kid also can have an impact.The adult brains of people who lived through lots of stress before the age of six—and then became depressed or anxious as teenagers—were different compared with adults who had an easier childhood.It seems that teens changed the shape of their brains by internalizing (使内在化) the stresses experienced years earlier.
Researchers already knew that the shape and size of a child's brain can change in response to lots of stress.They also knew that adults were more likely to be depressed if，as kids，they'd lived in poverty.Some studies showed that these depressed adults had unusual changes in their brain shape.But no one had tested if the early stress and later brain changes were linked.
Scientists in England studied almost 500 boys from birth until the ages of 18 to 21.Sarah Jensen is one of the new study's authors.Almost all of the boys her team studied experienced some hard times as kids.And，she concludes，“This is not necessarily harmful.”To some extent，that's just life.What can be dangerous，she says，is when children experience too many forms of difficulties.Her team's new data suggest that the tougher the childhood，the stronger the impact on the brain might be.
What's happening in the world around us relates to how we feel.Her team linked more childhood stress to more depression.Still，she notes，it's possible that if you find support for anxiety or depression，you might be able to prevent the changes seen here.“If you can change the environment，you can change the course of things，”Sarah says.So，she recommends，if teens develop anxiety or depression，it's good to ask for psychological doctors to give advice.
1.When people had a hard childhood， ．
A.they will have a brave attitude to life
B.their way of thinking may be strange
C.they will be good at dealing with stress
D.the shape of their brain may be changed
2.What is the breakthrough of the new research?
A.The size of the brain can change.
B.The brain can be influenced by stress.
C.Poverty can affect the brain's shape in future.
D.Changes in brain are connected with earlier hardship.
3.It's a problem when children ．
A.had a lonely childhood
B.led a peaceful childhood
C.got different kinds of hardship
D.experienced limited hard times
4.For teenagers with anxiety，Sarah suggests .
A.they adapt to their life
B.they seek professional help
C.they talk to friends or relatives
D.they become confident and optimistic
One of the main challenges facing many countries is how to maintain their identity in the face of globalization and the growing multi-language trend. "One of the main reasons for economic failure in many African countries is the fact that, with a few important exceptions, mother-tongue education is not practiced in any of the independent African states." said Neville Alexander, Director of the Project for the Study of Alternative Education in South Africa at the University of Cape Town.
In response to the spread of English and the increased multi-language trends arising from immigration, many countries have introduced language laws in the last decade. In some, the use of languages other than the national language is banned in public spaces such as advertising posters. One of the first such legal provisions(规定) was the 1994 "Toubon law" in France, and the idea has been copied in many countries since then. Such efforts to govern language use are often considered as futile by language experts, who are well aware of the difficulty in controlling fashions in speech and know from research that language switching among bilinguals is a natural process.
It is especially difficult for native speakers of English to understand the desire to maintain the "purity" of a language by law. Since the time of Shakespeare, English has continually absorbed foreign words into its own language. English is one of the most mixed and rapidly changing languages in the world, but that has not been a barrier to acquiring superiority and power. Another reason for the failure of many native English speakers to understand the role of the state regulation is that it has never been the Anglo-Saxon way of doing things. English has never had a state-controlled authority for the language, similar, for example, to the Academic Francaise in France.
The need to protect national languages is, for most western Europeans, a recent phenomenon-------especially the need to ensure that English does not unnecessarily take over too many fields. Public communication, education and new ways of communication promoted by technology, may be key fields to defend.
1.Neville Alexander believes that __________.
A. mother-tongue education is not practiced in all African countries
B. globalization has resulted in the economic failure of Africa
C. globalization has led to the rise of multi-language trend
D. lack of mother-tongue education can lead to economic failure
2.The underlined word "futile" (in paragraph 2) most probably means " ___________".
A. workable B. practical
C. useless D. unnecessary
3.What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. English has taken over fields like public communication and education.
B. Many aspects of national culture are threatened by the spread of English.
C. Most language experts believe it is important to promote a national language.
D. Europeans have long realized the need to protect a national language.
4.The best title for the passage is __________.
A. Fighting against the rule of English
B. Protecting local languages and identities
C. Globalization and multi-language trend
D. To maintain the purity of language by law
阅读理解。
How to make friends
Choosing friends
Before you make friends,you have to decide who you want to be your friends.Most people like to have friends who like to do the same kind of things as they do.That doesn’t mean you have to be exactly like each other,just that you enjoy some of the same things.Think about your favorite things to do and try to talk to your classmates at lunch or rest about your hobbies.You are sure to find at least one person who’s excited about the same things that excite and interest you,too.
Making friends
●The quickest way to make a friend is to smile.When you smile,people think you are friendly and easy to talk to.It may not be easy at first to smile.But you can practice smiling in front of a mirror.When you look at yourself in the mirror,think if you’d rather talk to your smiling face or your usual scared or angry face.
●One easy way to start a conversation with someone is to say something nice about them.Think about how great you feel when someone says something nice to you.Doesn’t it make you want to talk to him?
●Ask your new friends questions about themselves.It’s the only way to get to know what they’re like and it’s the only way they’ll know that you are interested in them.
●Make sure you have something to add to the conversation,too.When someone asks you a question,do have an answer for them.There is nothing that will stop a conversation quicker than a shrug(耸肩) for an answer.
Activities
After you’ve made a friend who shares the same interests with you,it’s always fun to plan activities together that you’ll both enjoy.Inviting a friend to your house after school is a great way to make your friendship closer.
If you know a game your friend likes to play,you can plan to do that together.When you play a computer game,one person is always left sitting with nothing to do but watch.Not fun.
1.Before you make friends with someone,make sure .
A.both of you are exactly like each other
B.both of you enjoy some of the same interests
C.you have talked to him or her at lunch or rest about your hobbies
D.you have little in common with each other
2.When you want to make friends with someone,you should do all the following except .
A.smiling at him or her before talking
B.starting a conversation first
C.asking some questions about him or her
D.giving a shrug instead of an answer
3.To make your friendship last long,you shouldn’t .
A.do something that interests both of you together
B.invite your friend to your house at weekends
C.be always doing something by yourself with your friend left doing nothing
D.play basketball together in your free time
假定你是李明，你的好友李华前不久随父母去了美国，她写信告诉你她很不适应美国的校园生活，感到很孤独。请你根据以下要点用英语给她写一封建议信。
1.学好英语，从而增加和别人交流的机会；
2.多交一些朋友，友情会使她忘记孤独；
3.积极参加各种活动，使自己的生活更加有趣。
注意：1. 词数：80左右；
2. 可适当增加细节。
3.文章的开头语结尾已给出。
Dear Li Hua，
I'm sorry to hear
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I’m looking forward to your good news .
Yours,
Li Ming
请使用选修六Unit1单词表中的词汇，根据所给语境中的汉语提示完成单词拼写。
1.Art is influenced by the customs and _____(信念) of a people.
2.During the Middle Ages, the main________(目的，目标) of painters was to represent religious themes.
3.People began to concentrate less on religious themes and _____(采用，采纳) a more humanistic attitude to life.
4.Rich people wanted to _____(拥有) their own paintings, so they could decorate their superb palaces.
5.The painter does not ______(努力，尝试) to paint objects as we see them with our eyes.
6.Who can _____(预言，预测) what painting styles there will be in the future?
7.Frick had a ______(喜爱，偏爱) for pre-twentieth century Western paintings.
8.The police made an ____(呼吁，恳求) to the public to remain calm.
9.This covers more than 5,000 years of civilization from many parts of the world, including America, Europe, China and ______(埃及).
10.I drove around the business ____(区，区域).
阅读下面短文，根据上下文填入适当的词语，或使用括号中的词语的适当形式填空。
Oseola McCarty spent more than 75 years washing and ironing other people’s clothes. As a laundrywoman, she 1. (pay) only a few dollars each time. Certainly nobody would consider her rich, so they were all 2. (surprise) when Miss McCarty decided to donate $ 150,000 to the University of Southern Mississippi.
The money was in fact her life savings. She could save such a large amount of money because she lived 3. very simple life. She never learned to drive, and when she wanted to go somewhere, she just walked. She never 4.(fly) to anywhere till she donated the money，and in 50 years she had been out of the South only once. The house 5. she lived was also a rather modest one her last uncle left her. Only after she became known in America 6.(do) she begin to travel all over the country. Since then, she had been the subject of many interviews and articles and was even invited 7. the White House by the president.
Her 8.(donate) was for students who clearly needed financial help. She herself left school in the sixth grade and had never married 9. had children. She said to the reporters that the idea of helping somebody’s child go to college gave her much 10. (please).
