阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Chocolate was first used as a drink over 3,500 years ago in 1. (center) America. It was very popular with the Mayans and the Aztecs. In fact, cocoa beans were very important to people there. That was 2. they were used as money. In the beginning, cocoa 3. (plant) in Ecuador, which was, for a long time, the world’s number-one producer of cocoa beans. It is still one of the top producers of the beans, but nowadays more than 70 per cent of cocoa beans come from West Africa.
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Old Tom sent his four sons to look at an apple tree in different seasons, 1. he wanted them to learn not to judge things too quickly. The first son went in winter, the second in spring, the third in summer, and the youngest in autumn. When they all came back, he asked for the 2. (describe) about what they had seen. The sons had different opinions. Tom then told them 3. they shouldn’t judge a tree, or a person, by only one season.
假如你是晨光中学高三一班班长李津。由于新冠疫情，不得不在家学习。你计划开学后举行一次班会，鼓励大家充分利用时间，向高考冲刺。现请用英文根据以下要点写一篇演讲稿。
1. 表达能够上学的喜悦；
2. 给出学习上的建议(至少3条)；
3. 希望同学们只争朝夕，不负韶华。
注意： 1.词数不少于100词；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
3.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：新冠疫情 the novel coronavirus outbreak
只争朝夕，不负韶华seize the day and live it to the full
Dear classmates, good afternoon! It’s my great pleasure to stand here, on behalf of everyone, to deliver a speech.
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Thank you for your listening!
阅读表达
“Cleverness is a gift while kindness is a choice. Gifts are easy---they're given after all. Choices can be hard.”
I got the idea to start Amazon 16 years ago. I came across the fact that the Internet usage was growing at 2300 percent per year. I'd never seen or heard of anything that grew that fast, and the idea of building an online bookstore with millions of titles was very exciting to me. I had just turned 30, and I’d been married for a year. I told my wife that I wanted to quit my job and go to do this crazy thing that probably wouldn't work since most start-ups don’t and I wasn't sure what to expect. She told me I should go for it. As a young boy, I had been a garage inventor. I had always wanted to be an inventor, and she wanted me to follow my passion.
I was working at a financial firm in New York City with a bunch of very smart people and a brilliant boss that I much admired. I went to my boss and told him that I wanted to start a company selling books on the Internet. He took me on a long walk in Central Park，listened carefully to me and finally said,“That sounds like a really good idea，but it would be an even better idea for someone who didn't already have a good job.”That logic made some sense to me，and he convinced me to think about it for 48 hours before making a final decision. Seen in that light, it really was a difficult choice，but ultimately, I decided I had to give it a shot. I didn't think I would regret trying and failing. And I suspected that I would always be haunted by a decision to not try at all.
After much consideration, I took the less secure path to follow my passion, and I'm proud of that choice. For all of us, in the end, we are our choices.
1.What inspired the author to start Amazon 16 years ago? (No more than 15 words)
2.How did the author’s wife respond to his crazy idea of building an online bookstore? (No more than 10 words)
3.What was the attitude of the author’s boss towards his starting a company online? (No more than 10 words)
4.What’s your understanding of the underlined sentence in the last paragraph? (No more than 15 words)
5.What is the most important factor when you make your career choice? Give your reasons. (No more than 20 words)
What is one of the most boring and tiresome words ever? Like discipline, responsibility is one of those words you have probably heard so many times from authority figures that you have been a bit allergic to it. Still, it's one of the most important things to grow and to feel good about your life. Without it as a foundation nothing else in any personal development book really works.
It's been said that the line between childhood and adulthood is crossed when we move from saying “It got lost” to “I lost it”. Indeed, being accountable, understanding and accepting the role our choices play in the things that happen are important signs of emotional and moral maturity. That's why responsibility is one of the main supports of good character.
Many people have been refusing to grow up and avoiding the burdens implied in being accountable. Yes, responsibility sometimes requires us to do things that are unpleasant or even frightening. It asks us to carry our own weight, prepare and set goals and exercise the discipline to reach our ambitions. But the benefits of accepting responsibility are far more important than the short-lived advantages of refusing to do so. No one makes his or her life better by avoiding responsibility. In fact, irresponsibility is a form of self-forced servitude (苦役)to circumstances and to other people.
George Bernard Shaw once said, “People are always blaming their circumstances for what they are. I don't believe in circumstances. The people who get on in this world are the people who get up and look for the circumstances they want, and, if they can't find them, make them.” “Man must stop owing his problems to his environment and learn again to exercise his will ---his personal responsibility in the realm of faith and morals,” said Albert Schweitzer.
The following incident shows blaming others and not taking full responsibility: Bernard L. Brow. Jr. once worked in a hospital where a patient knocked over a cup of water, which spilled on the floor beside the patient's bed. The patient was afraid he might slip on the water if he got out of the bed, so he asked a nurse to mop it up. The patient didn't know it, but the hospital policy said that small spills were the responsibility of the nurse while large spills were to be mopped up by the hospital’s housekeeping group.
The nurse decided the spill was a large one and she called the housekeeping group. A housekeeper arrived and declared the spill a small one. An argument followed. “It's not my response. “Well, it's not mine.” she said, “the puddle is too small.”
The angry patient listened for a time, then took a pitcher of water from his night table and poured the whole thing on the floor. “Is that a big enough puddle now for you two to decide?” he asked. It was, and that was the end of the argument.
So, responsibility is about our ability to respond to circumstances and to choose the attitudes, actions and reactions that shape our lives. It is a concept of power that puts us in the driver's seat. The grand sight of the potential of our lives can only be appreciated when we begin to be accountable and independent. If you want more control over your life and the pleasures, power of freedom and independence, all you have to do is be responsible. Responsible people not only depend on themselves, but show others that they can be depended on.
1.Those who escape from accepting responsibility________.
A.can't achieve their goals in a short time
B.can benefit from not growing up in the end
C.can miss the advantages of being a responsible person
D.can avoid the burdens of unpleasant or frightening things
2.What does the underlined part “get on” mean?
A.Succeed. B.Struggle.
C.Serve. D.Exist.
3.What does George Bernard Shaw's saying imply?
A.We shouldn't care what kind of situations we're in.
B.We shouldn't owe failure to the sense of responsibility.
C.We should bear responsibility regardless of situations.
D.We should first step out of our present circumstances.
4.Why was the patient quite angry, with the nurse and the housekeeper?
A.Because he had slipped on the water by chance.
B.Because he had to mop up the water by himself.
C.Because he didn't like the noise made in hospital.
D.Because he found them refusing their responsibility.
5.What is the author's understanding of responsibility in the last paragraph?
A.It shapes our lives with more opportunities.
B.It enables us to react with dependable attitude.
C.It encourages us to be more helpful and independent.
D.It strengthens our ability to fight against bad circumstances.
Soaping up your hands may do more than just get rid of germs. It may wash away the inner confusion you feel right after being forced to make a choice between two appealing choices, according to a new study. The study builds on past research into a phenomenon known as “the Macbeth effect”.
It turns out that Shakespeare was really onto something when he imagined lady Macbeth trying to clean her conscience（良心）by rubbing invisible bloodstains from her hands. A few years ago, scientists asked people to describe a past wrong act. If people were then given a chance to clean their hands, they later expressed less guilt than people who hadn’t cleaned.
This finding fascinated W. S. Lee, a researcher. “Anything from the past, any kind of negative emotional experiences, might be washed away,” says Lee.
He decided to test hand washing’s effect on one kind of bad feeling: the tension we feel after being forced to choose between two attractive choices, because picking one choice makes us feel that we’ve lose the other. People usually try to calm this inner conflict by later exaggerating（夸大）the positive aspects of their choice.
He had students rank 10 different music CDs. Then he offered students one CD as a gift. Some students then use liquid soap. Others only looked at the soap or sniffed（嗅）it. “Actually, you do not need water and soap,” says Lee.
Later, the students again had to rank all the music. People who didn’t wash their hands had the normal response — they scored their take-home CD higher, suggesting that they now saw it as even more attractive than before. But this wasn’t true for the hand washers. They ranked the music about the same. “they feel no need at all to justify the choice,” say Lee.
But the implications of it just aren’t clear. Schwarz says it’s too soon to know whether people should head for a sink after making a tough choice. He says washing may help decision-makers by cleaning away mental disorder, but perhaps if they don’t go through the usual post-decision process of justifying their choice, they might feel more sorrow in the long run.
1.The Macbeth effect refers to the fact that ________.
A.Shakespeare did scientific research before writing Macbeth
B.soaping up one’s hand may help wash away the inner confusion and make a decision
C.people feel less guilty by getting rid of invisible germs from their hands
D.people feel less ashamed after washing their hands
2.According to Lee, after people make the choice ________.
A.they will overstate the goodness of their chosen choice
B.they will feel regretful for not choosing another
C.they will feel free due to the feeling of losing the other choice
D.they will think nothing of their chosen choice any more to calm their inner conflict
3.According to Lee, the hand washers consider the judgment of choice ________.
A.more scientific B.unnecessary
C.a little convincing D.absolutely useless
4.What does Schwarz need to research more?
A.Whether people need to justify their choice.
B.Whether people feel more sorrow after washing hands.
C.Whether washing hands help over a long period of time.
D.Whether washing hands is helpful to make a choice.
5.What might be the most suitable title for the passage?
A.Is Washing Hands Necessary to Defeat Tension?
B.Washing Hands, Washes Our Mind
C.Washing Hands, Helps Make a Better Choice
D.Washing Hands, Reduces the Stress of Decision
