Question

    Astronauts traveling in space meet forms of radiation that are uncommon on Earth. Some of this radiation has been shown to be harmful to human health. It is linked to cancers and heart problems. Yet a new American study suggests the radiation does not shorten astronauts' lives.

Researchers studied nearly 60 years of health records and other data about male astronauts from the United States. They then compared this data with information about a group of men who are in good health, richer than most Americans and receive good health care-professional athletes. The study found that neither group has higher rates of dying at a young age. In fact, both groups generally live longer than other Americans.

Astronauts are usually well-educated, earn more money and are in better physical condition than the average American. Some earlier research has linked being an astronaut to a lower risk of early death, the researchers noted. The findings were reported in the publication Occupational & Environmental Medicine.

Much of the existing research on mortality rates in astronauts has not yet explored the mental and physical demands of this job. There also has not been a lot of research on whether astronauts show what is known as the "healthy worker effect". This effect leads people with employment of any kind to have fewer medical problems than people who are unable to work, said Robert Reynolds.

Reynolds said, "The challenge has always been to understand if astronauts are as healthy as they would be had they been otherwise comparably employed but had never gone to space at all. To do this, we need to find a group that is comparable on several important factors."

1.How did researchers carry out their study?

A.By doing interviews. B.By analyzing some factors.

C.By comparing different data. D.By doing experiments in the lab.

2.What can we learn from the text?

A.All radiation is harmful to human health.

B.Athletes tend to be poorer than most Americans.

C.Healthy worker effect makes working people healthier.

D.Research has explored the mental and physical demands of being astronauts.

3.What can he inferred from Reynolds' words?

A.They are determined to face the challenge.

B.The research is almost impossible to conduct.

C.Several important factors hold back the research.

D.Astronauts are as healthy even they haven't been Astronaut.

4.What can be a suitable title for the text?

A.Astronauts----Healthy or Otherwise

B.Astronauts Are as Healthy as Athletes

C.Radiation Affects Astronauts' Health

D.Astronauts---- Well-Educated and Earn More

Answer

1.C

2.C

3.B

4.A

【解析】

本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项研究，表明在太空工作,辐射不会缩短宇航员的寿命和影响他们的健康。

1.细节理解题。根据文章Researchers studied nearly 60 years of health records and other data about male astronauts from the United States. They then compared this data with information about a group of men who are in good health, richer than most Americans and receive good health care-professional athletes. 研究人员研究了近60年来美国男性宇航员的健康记录和其他数据。然后，他们将这些数据与一组健康状况良好、比大多数美国人富裕、接受良好医疗保健的男性——职业运动员——的信息进行了比较。由此可知研究人员是通过对比不同数据进行研究的，故选C。

2.推理判断题。根据文章There also has not been a lot of research on whether astronauts show what is known as the "healthy worker effect". This effect leads people with employment of any kind to have fewer medical problems than people who are unable to work, said Robert Reynolds.

关于宇航员是否表现出所谓的“健康工作者效应”，也没有太多的研究。Robert Reynolds说:“这一效应使得有工作的人比那些没有工作的人有更少的健康问题。”由此可推断“健康工作者效应”使有工作的人身体更健康，故选C。

3.推理判断题。根据文章Reynolds said, "The challenge has always been to understand if astronauts are as healthy as they would be had they been otherwise comparably employed but had never gone to space at all. To do this, we need to find a group that is comparable on several important factors." Reynolds说：“一直以来，我们面临的挑战是，要弄清楚，如果宇航员们有其他工作，但从来没有上过太空的话，他们是否像现在一样健康。“他补充说，“要做到这一点，我们需要找到一个在几个重要因素上具有可比性的群体。这项研究还是个挑战，需要找到在几个重要因素上的具有可比性的群体，有此推断这项研究不太可能进行，故选B。

4.主旨大意题。根据文章主题，主要介绍了一项研究，表明在太空工作,辐射不会缩短宇航员的寿命和影响他们的健康。A选项 Astronauts----Healthy or Otherwise宇航员—健康与否，适合做短文的标题，故选A。