Question

    When international aid is given, steps must be taken to ensure that the aid reaches the people for whom it is intended. The way to achieve this may not be simple. It is very difficult for a nation to give help directly to people in another nation. The United Nations Organization (UNO) could undertake to direct the distribution of aid. Here however rises the problem of costs. Also tied with this is time. Perhaps the UNO could set up a body of devoted men and women in every country who can speedily distribute aid to victims of floods and earthquakes.

More than the help that one nation can give to another during a disaster, it would be more effective to give other forms of help during normal times. A common proverb says, “Give me a fish and I eat for a day, teach me to fish and I eat for a lifetime.” If we follow this wise saying, it would be right to teach people from less developed nations to take care of themselves. For example, a country could share its technology with another. This could be in simple areas like agriculture or in more complex areas like medical and health care or even in building satellites. Even a small country is able to help less developed nations. Sometimes what is taken for granted, like the setting up of a water purification plant or the administration of a school, could be useful for countries which are looking about to solve common problems. It does not cost much to share such simple things. Exchange students could be attached for a number of months or years and learn the required craft while on the site. They can then take their knowledge back to their homelands and if necessary come back from time to time to clear doubts or to update themselves. Such aid will be truly helpful and there is no chance of it being temporary or of it falling into the wrong hands.

Many countries run extensive courses in all sorts of skills. It will not cost much to include deserving foreigners in these courses. Besides giving effective help to the countries concerned, there is also the build-up of friendships to consider. Giving direct help by giving materials may be effective in the short run and must continue to be given in the event of emergencies. However, in the long run what is really effective would be the sharing of knowledge.

1.The second paragraph is developed mainly _________.

A.by example B.by process

C.by comparison D.by contrast

2.Which aid is likely to fall into the wrong hands?

A.A medical team. B.An exchange program.

C.A water plant. D.Financial support.

3.What can we infer about international aid from the passage?

A.It is facing difficulties.

B.It should be given in the form of materials.

C.It has gained support by developed countries.

D.It is unnecessary during normal times.

Answer

1.A

2.D

3.A

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。灾难在全球是不可避免的。国际援助雪中送炭，然而援助要落到实处，着实要有些高效的措施。灾难区要直接受惠于援助，联合国为此做出了努力。比如，建立一个正直无私心救援物质的管理团队。作者认为高效的援助不在于物质，而是平日里技术知识的共享——打造坚强友谊，互派国际交换生。

1.推理判断题。根据第二段中For example, a country could share its technology with another. This could be in simple areas like agriculture or in more complex areas like medical and health care or even in building satellites.可知，例如，一个国家可以与另一个国家共享其技术。这可能是在简单的领域，如农业，或在更复杂的领域，如医疗和卫生保健，甚至在建造卫星。以及Sometimes what is taken for granted, like the setting up of a water purification plant or the administration of a school, could be useful for countries which are looking about to solve common problems.可知，有时，一些被认为是理所当然的事情，如建立一个水净化厂或管理一所学校，可能对那些正在寻求解决共同问题的国家有用。本段中的多次使用for example，like等词语，由此可推知，作者主要使用例证法来展开论述。故选A。

2.推理判断题。根据第二段中They can then take their knowledge back to their homelands and if necessary come back from time to time to clear doubts or to update themselves. Such aid will be truly helpful and there is no chance of it being temporary or of it falling into the wrong hands.可知，然后，他们可以把他们的知识带回他们的祖国，如果有必要，还可以不时地回来澄清疑问或更新自己。这样的援助是真正有用的，不可能是暂时的，也不可能落入坏人之手。由此可推知，财政的支持最可能落入坏人之手。故选D。

3.推理判断题。根据第一段中The way to achieve this may not be simple. It is very difficult for a nation to give help directly to people in another nation.可知，实现这一目标的方法可能并不简单。一个国家很难直接向另一个国家的人民提供帮助。由此可推知，国际援助面临困难。故选A。