Question

    Joseph Goldberger was a doctor for the United States Public Health Service and he was an advocate for scientific and social recognition of the links between poverty and disease. In 1914, Goldberger was asked by US Surgeon General Rupert Blue to study a skin disease that was killing thousands of people in the South. The disease was pellagra (糙皮病)．

Goldberger traveled to the state of Mississippi where many people suffered from pellagra. He studied the victims and their families. Most of the people lived a hard life. The doctor came to believe that the disease didn’t pass on from one to another, but was instead related to food. He received permission from the state governor to test this idea at a prison. Prisoners were offered pardons if they took part. One group of prisoners received their usual foods, mostly corn products. A second group ate meat, fresh vegetables and drank milk. Members of the first group developed pellagra. The second group did not.

But some medical researchers refused to accept Goldberger’s idea. For the South, pellagra was more than simply a medical problem. There were other things, including Southern pride.

So Goldberger had himself injected (注射) with blood from a person with pellagra. He also took liquid from the nose and throat of a pellagra patient and put them into his own nose and throat. He even swallowed pills that contained skin from pellagra patients. An assistant also took part in the experiments. So did Goldberger’s wife. None of them got sick.

Joseph Goldberger died of cancer in 1929. He was fifty­five years old. Several years later, researchers discovered the exact cause of pellagra: a lack of vitamin B₃ known as niacin.

1.Who were likely to get pellagra according to Goldberger?

A.People in the south of America.

B.People having a poor diet.

C.People in prison.

D.People touching pellagra patients.

2.What did Goldberger want to prove by the experiments mentioned in Paragraph 4?

A.Pellagra wasn’t so terrible.

B.Pellagra could be cured.

C.Pellagra didn’t spread.

D.Pellagra wasn’t a medical problem.

3.Why did some medical researchers refuse to accept Goldberger’s idea?

A.Goldberger’s idea sounds ridiculous.

B.They have done their own research.

C.The result hurt their pride.

D.Goldberger didn’t do enough research.

4.Which words can be used to describe Goldberger?

A.Selfless and friendly. B.Devoted and determined.

C.Patient and expert. D.Stubborn and enthusiastic.

Answer

1.B

2.C

3.C

4.B

【解析】

这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了美国医生Joseph Goldberger研究糙皮病的患病原因的过程。Joseph Goldberger医生的认真、牺牲精神令人感动。

1.细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“The doctor came to believe that the disease didn’t pass on from one to another, but was instead related to food. He received permission from the state governor to test this idea at a prison. Prisoners were offered pardons if they took part. One group of prisoners received their usual foods, mostly corn products. A second group ate meat, fresh vegetables and drank milk. Members of the first group developed pellagra. The second group did not.”（ 医生开始相信这种疾病并没有从一个传给另一个，而是与食物有关。他得到了州长的许可，在一所监狱里测试这个想法。如果囚犯参加，他们将获得赦免。一组囚犯得到了他们通常吃的食物，大部分是玉米制品。第二组吃肉类、新鲜蔬菜和牛奶。第一组成员患上了糙皮病。第二组没有。）由Joseph Goldberger医生的实验可知，不良的饮食容易导致人们患上糙皮病。结合选项，故选B。

2.推理判断题。根据文章第二段中“The doctor came to believe that the disease didn’t pass on from one to another, but was instead related to food”， Joseph Goldberger医生认为糙皮病不会传染。以及第四段中“So Goldberger had himself injected (注射) with blood from a person with pellagra. He also took liquid from the nose and throat of a pellagra patient and put them into his own nose and throat. He even swallowed pills that contained skin from pellagra patients. An assistant also took part in the experiments. So did Goldberger’s wife. None of them got sick”（ 所以戈德伯格给自己注射了一个患有糙皮病的人的血。他还从一个糙皮病患者的鼻子和喉咙里取出液体，放进自己的鼻子和喉咙里。他甚至吞下了含有糙皮病患者皮肤的药片。一名助手也参加了实验。戈德伯格的妻子也是。他们都没有生病。）由此可以推知，Joseph Goldberger医生进行实验的目的是为了证明糙皮病不会传染。结合选项，故选C。

3.细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“But some medical researchers refused to accept Goldberger’s idea. For the South, pellagra was more than simply a medical problem. There were other things, including Southern pride”（ 但一些医学研究人员拒绝接受戈德伯格的想法。对南方来说，糙皮病不仅仅是一个医学问题。还有其他事情，包括南方的骄傲。）由此可知，一些医学研究人员拒绝接受戈德伯格的观点的原因是结果可能会伤害他们的自尊心。结合选项，故选C。

4.推理判断题。根据第四段中“So Goldberger had himself injected (注射) with blood from a person with pellagra. He also took liquid from the nose and throat of a pellagra patient and put them into his own nose and throat. He even swallowed pills that contained skin from pellagra patients. An assistant also took part in the experiments. So did Goldberger’s wife. None of them got sick”（ 所以戈德伯格给自己注射了一个患有糙皮病的人的血。他还从一个糙皮病患者的鼻子和喉咙里取出液体，放进自己的鼻子和喉咙里。他甚至吞下了含有糙皮病患者皮肤的药片。一名助手也参加了实验。戈德伯格的妻子也是。他们都没有生病。）可知，Joseph Goldberger医生全心全意地投入到对糙皮病的研究中，不惜在自己身上做实验，故他是有奉献精神的；根据第三段中可知，尽管有一些人不认可他的观点，但他仍然坚持自己的看法并坚决证明自己的观点是正确的，这体现出他意志坚定。结合选项，故选B。