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California has been facing droughts for ...

    California has been facing droughts for many years, with certain areas even having to pump freshwater hundreds of miles to their distribution system. The problem is growing as the population of the state continues to expand. New research has found deep water reserves under the state which could help solve their drought crisis. Previous drilling of wells could only reach depths of 1,000 feet, but due to new pumping practices, water deeper than this can now be extracted (抽取). The team at Stanford investigated the aquifers (地下蓄水层) below this depth and found that reserves may be three times what was previously thought.

It is profitable to drill to depths more than 1,000 feet for oil and gas, but only recently in California has it become profitable to pump water from this depth. The aquifers range from 1,000 to 3,000 feet below the ground, which means that pumping will be expensive and there are other concerns. The biggest concern is the gradual setting down of the land surface. As the water is pumped out, the vacant space left is pressed by the weight of the earth above.

Even though pumping from these depths is expensive, it is still cheaper than desalinating (脱盐) the ocean water in the largely coastal state. Some desalination plants exist where possible, but they are costly to run and can need constant repairs. Wells are much more reliable sources of freshwater, and California is hoping that these deep wells may be the answer to their severe water shortage.

One problem with these sources is that the deep water also has a higher level of salt than shallower aquifers. This means that some water may even need to be desalinated after extraction, thus increasing the cost. Research from the study of groundwater has just been published. New estimates of the water reserves now go up to 2,700 billion cubic meters of freshwater.

1.According to the text, what causes the water crisis in California?

A.Previous drilling of wells. B.The messy distribution system.

C.Constant droughts in the area. D.The adoption of new pumping practices.

2.The research teams think it ________ to extract water from deeper aquifers.

A.expensive but practical B.reliable and profitable

C.cost-free but demanding D.cheap and environment-friendly

3.What is mentioned as a consequence of extracting water from deep underground?

A.The damage to aquifers. B.The sinking of land surface.

C.The decrease in operation costs. D.The negative effects on the climate.

4.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?

A.To encourage people to save water.

B.To promote the seawater desalination.

C.To introduce a new way of extracting freshwater.

D.To draw people’s attention to the droughts in California.

 

1.C 2.A 3.B 4.C 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了新的研究发现,加州的深层水储备可能有助于解决它们的干旱危机,作者介绍了一种提取淡水的新方法。 1.细节理解题。根据第一段California has been facing droughts for many years, with certain areas even having to pump freshwater hundreds of miles to their distribution system.(加州多年来一直面临干旱,某些地区甚至不得不向数百英里外的分配系统输送淡水)可知,该地区持续的干旱导致了加州的水危机。故选C。 2.推理判断题。根据第三段Even though pumping from these depths is expensive, it is still cheaper than desalinating (脱盐) the ocean water in the largely coastal state. Some desalination plants exist where possible, but they are costly to run and can need constant repairs. Wells are much more reliable sources of freshwater, and California is hoping that these deep wells may be the answer to their severe water shortage.(尽管从这样的深度抽水很昂贵,但它仍然比在这个以沿海为主的州淡化海水便宜。一些海水淡化厂在可能的地方存在,但它们的运营成本很高,需要经常维修。水井是更可靠的淡水来源,加州希望这些深井能解决严重的水资源短缺问题)推断出,研究小组认为从深层含水层中提取水是昂贵但实用的。故选A。 3.细节理解题。根据第二段The biggest concern is the gradual setting down of the land surface.(最大的问题是地面的逐渐下沉)可知,从地下深处取水的结果是地表下沉。故选B。 4.推理判断题。根据第一段Previous drilling of wells could only reach depths of 1,000 feet, but due to new pumping practices, water deeper than this can now be extracted (抽取). The team at Stanford investigated the aquifers (地下蓄水层) below this depth and found that reserves may be three times what was previously thought.(以前的钻井只能达到1000英尺的深度,但由于新的抽水方法,现在可以提取比这更深的水。斯坦福大学的研究小组调查了低于这个深度的含水层,发现储量可能是之前设想的三倍)可推知,作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍一种提取淡水的新方法。故选C。
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