Question

    The disease malaria(疟疾) has caused trouble to mankind throughout history. In the 1860s as the drug called chloroquine began to lose its effectiveness, malaria began to appear again in Southeast Asia. Every country in the world then poured huge amounts of human resources into discovering another anti-malaria drug In 1964, China put forward the plan to seek a breakthrough from among traditional Chinese medicinal drugs. There was no great discovery until 1981. When Chinese scientist Tu Youyou gave a speech titled" Chemical Research into Artemisinin(青蒿素)”. at an international conference of the WHO. The speech was regarded as a lifeline for malaria sufferers.

Tu Youyou graduated from the Medical College of Peking University. In 1969, just as the research into treating malaria had reached dead end, the 39 year-old Tu, in order to overcome this terrible problem, took on the job as head of a research team into this problem. The first thing Tu did was interview experienced doctors of Chinese medicine. Then she and her colleagues conducted various kinds of experiments on hundreds of kinds of Chinese medicinal herbs, including artemisinin. However, the results were disappointing: even those involving artemisinin, which had been universally well regarded, were less than satisfactory.

But later, when Tu found a relevant passage written by Ge Hong of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (317-420), it occurred to her that high temperatures destroy artemisinin's effectiveness: it needs a low temperature to work properly. The discovery pointed to a brand-new direction for Tu and her research team. Finally, in 1972, an extract(# R40) of it was found to be one hundred percent effective against the disease!

In 2000 the WHO announced artemisinin was a leading anti-malarial drug, and promoted it worldwide. So far, it has been playing a great role in the battle against malaria. Beginning at the age of 39, Tu devoted her fife-te-her reseach. In 2015, at the age of 85 and as the first Chinese scientist, she received a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. How did Tu manage to accomplish such a great achievement? You probably have the answer to that already.

1.What can be learnt about “chloroquine”from paragraph1?

A.It contributed to Tu’s great discovery.

B.It was discovered by experts in Southeast Asia.

C.It was a breakthrough out of Chinese medicine.

D.It used to be effective against the disease of malaria.

2.What did Tu Youyou do after reading a passage by Ge Hong?

A.She interviewed doctors to collect their experience.

B.She attempted to heat the extract at a low temperature.

C.She made necessary adjustments in each stage of her research.

D.She expanded access to the anti-malarial drug around the world.

3.Which of the following can best summarize the main reason for Tu's success?

A.You reap what you sow.

B.Actions speak louder than words.

C.Don't claim to know what you don’t know.

D.Live and learn through your mistakes or experience.

Answer

1.D

2.B

3.A

【解析】

这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了屠呦呦对于青蒿素的研究历程，青蒿素被认为是疟疾患者的救命稻草。85岁的屠呦呦是第一位获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖的中国科学家。

1.细节理解题。根据第一段中In the 1860s as the drug called chloroquine began to lose its effectiveness, malaria began to appear again in Southeast Asia.可知19世纪60年代，随着氯喹开始失效，疟疾开始在东南亚重新出现。由此可知，氯喹过去对疟疾是有效的。故选D。

2.推理判断题。根据第三段中But later, when Tu found a relevant passage written by Ge Hong of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (317-420), it occurred to her that high temperatures destroy artemisinin's effectiveness: it needs a low temperature to work properly.可知但后来，屠呦呦发现了东晋葛洪(317-420)的一篇相关文章，她意识到高温会破坏青蒿素的功效：需要低温才能正常发挥作用。由此可知，屠呦呦读了葛洪的一篇文章后她试图低温加热提取物。故选B。

3.推理判断题。根据最后一段中Beginning at the age of 39, Tu devoted her life to her research. In 2015, at the age of 85 and as the first Chinese scientist, she received a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. How did Tu manage to accomplish such a great achievement? You probably have the answer to that already.可知从39岁开始，屠呦呦把她的一生都献给了她的研究。2015年，85岁的她作为第一位中国科学家获得了诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。屠呦呦是如何取得如此伟大的成就的?你可能已经知道答案了。由此可推知，屠呦呦脚踏实地，将自己毕生都投入到青蒿素的研究当中，故一分耕耘，一分收获最能概括屠呦呦成功的主要原因。故选A。