Question

    Recent findings have shown that our appetite and food intake are influenced by a large number of factors besides our biological need for energy, including our eating environment and our perception (感知) of the food in front of us. A new study suggested that our short-term memory may also play a role in appetite. Several hours after a meal, people's hunger levels were predicted not by how much they'd eaten but rather by how much food they’d seen in front of them — in other words, how much they remembered eating.

This difference suggests the memory of our previous meal may have a bigger influence on our appetite than the actual size of the meal, says Jeffrey M. Brunstrom, a professor of experimental psychology at the University of Bristol.

''Hunger isn't controlled merely by the physical characteristics of a recent meal. We have identified an independent role for memory for that meal, '' Brunstrom says. ''This shows that the relationship between hunger and food intake is more complex than we thought. ''

These findings echo earlier research that suggests our perceptions of food can sometimes trick our body's response to the food itself. In a 2016 study, for instance, people who drank the same 380-calorie milkshake on two separate occasions produced different levels of hunger-related hormones (荷尔蒙), depending on whether the shake's label said it contained 620 or 140 calories. Moreover, the participants reported feeling more full when they thought they'd consumed a higher-calorie shake.

1.What affects our appetite according to the new study?

A.How much we remember eating.

B.What time we eat our last meal.

C.How much we eat our last meal.

D.What ingredients the food contains.

2.The underlined word ''echo'' in the last paragraph means ________ in Chinese.

A.暗示 B.反映

C.印证 D.改善

3.What is the main idea of the text?

A.Good eating habits contribute to our health.

B.Eating speed often affects our food digestion.

C.Psychological factors influence our hunger levels.

D.Our biological need for energy determines our food intake.

Answer

1.A

2.C

3.C

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人们的食欲和事物摄取受到包括环境和对事物的认知等诸多因素的影响，并引用相关科学研究论证这些影响，特别指出饮食环境、对食物的记忆、食物包装上的标签对人产生的心理暗示作用会影响食欲。

1.细节理解题。根据第一段的Several hours after a meal, people's hunger levels were predicted not by how much they'd eaten but rather by how much food they'd seen in front of them — in other words, how much they remembered eating.可知，餐后几小时，人们的饥饿程度不是由他们吃了多少来预测的，而是由他们在面前看到了多少食物来预测的——换句话说，就是他们记得吃了多少。A. How much we remember eating.(我们记得吃了多少)符合以上说法，故选A项。

2.词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句These findings echo earlier research that suggests our perceptions of food can sometimes trick our body's response to the food itself.可知，这些发现与早期的研究echo，早期的研究表明，我们对食物的感知有时会欺骗我们的身体对食物本身的反应。再结合第一段中的Recent findings have shown that our appetite and food intake are influenced by a large number of factors besides our biological need for energy, including our eating environment and our perception (感知) of the food in front of us.(最近的研究表明，除了生理上对能量的需求外，我们的食欲和食物摄入量还受到很多因素的影响，包括我们的饮食环境和我们对面前食物的感知)可知，这些新发现与早期的研究发现一致。由此可推测划线部分的意思是“一致/呼应”。故选C项。

3.主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其是第一段的Recent findings have shown that our appetite and food intake are influenced by a large number of factors besides our biological need for energy, including our eating environment and our perception (感知) of the food in front of us.( 最近的研究表明，除了生理上对能量的需求外，我们的食欲和食物摄入量还受到很多因素的影响，包括我们的饮食环境和我们对面前食物的感知)可知，本文主要讲述影响我们食欲的心理因素。C. Psychological factors influence our hunger levels.(影响我们饥饿水平的心理因素)符合以上说法。故选C项。