Question

    Cities such as New York, Washington, Boston and San Francisco have launched bike-share programs to ease traffic jam, improve public health, and cut carbon emissions (排放). Cyclists in those cities tend to choose bike-sharing to make their trips to office or home faster, cheaper, and more fun. Last year, U.S. bike-share riders completed nearly 46 million trips—more than twice as many trips from the previous year.

Yet despite these programs’ advantages and popularity, there are still huge challenges. Take, for instance, the distribution (分布) of bikes. The living area face shortages of bicycles in the morning rush, while business districts do not have enough bikes in the evening. What’s more, parking places can be full at certain hours, making it difficult for riders to return the bikes once they’ve reached their destinations.

Solving this problem is not easy. David B. Shmoys and his colleagues set out to develop complex algorithms(算法) and advanced analytics(逻辑法) to solve the challenges of bike-share operations.

One area in which the methods were applied was the Bike Angels program. As part of the program, cyclists can be rewarded with points by renting or returning bikes at certain high-need stations. Today, Bike Angels accounts for roughly 30 percent of bike rebalancing in New York City. It has greatly improved customer satisfaction which, in turn, has more riders. And more importantly, this form of rebalancing comes with a much less carbon emissions, because less box trucks are needed to move the bikes!

David B. Shmoys and his colleagues applied algorithms and analytics to solve other problems, too. However, they can not solve every new transportation problem. They have many limitations, including incomplete information. That is, David B. Shmoys and his colleagues only observe the realized rentals (returns) at stations at which bikes were available, not those that were blocked due to the imbalance of the system.

1.Which is not one of the advantages of bike-share program?

A.It helps people save money.

B.It helps improve the air quality.

C.It provides more bikes for cyclists.

D.It helps people build up their bodies.

2.What is mainly talked about in paragraph 2?

A.Riders do not want to return the bikes.

B.The distribution of bikes is a big problem.

C.People do not have enough bikes in the morning.

D.The bike-share program is very popular in New York.

3.What do we know about the Bike Angels program?

A.It had more users due to the algorithms.

B.It increased the use of box trucks.

C.It awarded riders cash for renting bikes.

D.It re-balanced all the bikes in New York.

4.What does the underlined word “they” in the last paragraph probably refer to?

A.other problems

B.carbon emissions

C.algorithms and analytics

D.Transportation problems

Answer

1.C

2.B

3.A

4.C

【解析】

这是一篇新闻报道。纽约、华盛顿、波士顿和旧金山等城市已经启动了共享单车项目，以缓解交通堵塞、改善公共卫生和减少碳排放。在这些城市，骑自行车的人倾向于选择共享单车，以使他们去办公室或家里的旅程更快、更便宜、更有趣。尽管这些项目有其优势和受欢迎程度，仍然存在巨大的挑战。

1.细节理解题。根据第一段Cities such as New York, Washington, Boston and San Francisco have launched bike-share programs to ease traffic jam, improve public health, and cut carbon emissions (排放). Cyclists in those cities tend to choose bike-sharing to make their trips to office or home faster, cheaper, and more fun. Last year, U.S. bike-share riders completed nearly 46 million trips—more than twice as many trips from the previous year.“纽约、华盛顿、波士顿和旧金山等城市已经启动了共享单车项目，以缓解交通堵塞、改善公共卫生和减少碳排放。在这些城市，骑自行车的人倾向于选择共享单车，以使他们去办公室或家里的旅程更快、更便宜、更有趣。去年，美国共享单车用户完成了近4600万次出行，是前一年的两倍多。”由此推知，“它为骑自行车的人提供了更多的自行车” 不是共享单车计划的优点之一。故选C。

2.段落大意题。根据第二段中Yet despite these programs’ advantages and popularity, there are still huge challenges. Take, for instance, the distribution (分布) of bikes.“然而，尽管这些项目有其优势和受欢迎程度，仍然存在巨大的挑战。以自行车的分配为例。”由此可知，自行车的分配是个大问题。故选B。

3.推理判断题。根据第四段中It has greatly improved customer satisfaction which, in turn, has more riders.“它极大地提高了顾客的满意度，而这反过来又带来了更多的顾客。”可知，the Bike Angels program有了更多的使用者。故选A。

4.词义指代题。根据最后一段David B. Shmoys and his colleagues applied algorithms and analytics to solve other problems, too. However, they can not solve every new transportation problem. David B. Shmoys和他的同事们也用算法和分析来解决其他问题。然而，他们不能解决每一个新的交通问题。”由此推知，划线词they指代的是上句中的algorithms and analytics。故选C。