Question

    It's a tragedy (悲剧)that could be avoided: every year, more than 400 people in Britain die while waiting for a replacement organ for their bodies. Although organ transplants(器官移植)have been saving lives for more than 60 years, the right body part is often not available at the right time simply because not enough people choose to be donors. Should people therefore be required to allow their organs to be used by others after death?

The British Medical Association (BMA), which represents doctors in Britain, says yes. A system of "presumed consent (默许) " would automatically make everyone over the age of 16 an organ donor .Individuals would be allowed to put out, that is to say, decide not to be an organ donor, if that's what they prefer. The BMA points to much higher organ donation rates in countries that have opt-out systems, such as Spain, Belgium, Austria and the Czech Republic.

England's chief medical officer, Sir Liam Donaldson, also wants to change the organ-donor system from opt-in to opt-out. All of this sounds like very good news for the 7,500 people in the UK who are waiting for transplants of critical organs, tissues, skin and bones.

Britain's National Health Service (NHS) recently counts 14.3 million organ donors on a list which began in 1994. Not everyone wants to participate, however, according to the NHS, 90 percent of the British strongly support organ donation, but only 23 percent are on the organ-donor list.

Why the discrepancy(差异)? One reason is that organ donation is a personal matter. Another reason may be indecision: when families are not sure about a dead relative's wishes, 40 percent decide not to donate his or her organs. Interestingly, religion has little to do with a decision not to donate. All six of the main religions in Britain support organ donation and transplantation.

The government decided in 2018 how the system of organ donation should work--- without a policy of presumed consent. Opinion among members of parliament (议会) continues to be divided; but the tragedy goes on: as things are now, one in 10 Britons in need of an organ will never get one.

1.What does the tragedy in Para.1 refer to?

A.People are required to be organ donors.

B.Organ transplants could save lives for more than 60 years.

C.More and more donors' organs are not proper for operation.

D.Many patients have to die because of no replacement organ.

2.According to Para. 4, most British people______.

A.support organ donation without action B.want to participate in organ donation

C.are willing to donate their organs D.don't like NHS' activity

3.What' s the main idea of the passage?

A.Analyzing the tragedy of organ donation.

B.Persuading people to support organ donation.

C.Praising those people who donate their organs.

D.Listing government' s measures on organ donation.

Answer

1.D

2.A

3.A

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。文章主要陈述了目前英国器官捐赠的问题。虽然英国人支持器官捐赠但很少人付诸行动，造成英国有400多人在等待替代器官的时候死亡。

1.细节理解题。根据第一段的It's a tragedy that could be avoided: every year, more than 400 people in Britain die while waiting for a replacement organ for their bodies(这是一个可以避免的悲剧：每年，英国有超过400人死于等待替代器官的身体)可知，该段中的悲剧是指许多患者因为没有移植器官而不得不死亡。D. Many patients have to die because of no replacement organ.(很多病人因为没有可移植的器官而死亡)符合以上说法，故选D项。

2.细节理解题。根据第四段according to the NHS, 90 percent of the British strongly support organ donation, but only 23 percent are on the organ-donor list. (根据NHS，90%的英国人强烈支持器官捐赠，但只有23%的人在器官捐献者名单上)可知，大多数英国人支持器官捐赠而不采取行动。A. support organ donation without action(支持器官捐赠而不行动)符合以上说法，故选A项。

3.主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其是第一段的It's a tragedy that could be avoided: every year, more than 400 people in Britain die while waiting for a replacement organ for their bodies. Although organ transplants have been saving lives for more than 60 years, the right body part is often not available at the right time simply because not enough people choose to be donors.(这是一个可以避免的悲剧：每年，英国有超过400人死于等待替代器官，尽管器官移植被用来挽救生命已经超过60年了，但是正确的身体部位通常无法在适当的时间出现，因为没有足够的人选择成为捐赠者)可知，本文主要分析器官捐赠的悲剧，那就是虽然支持，但很少有人愿意捐赠。A. Analyzing the tragedy of organ donation.(分析器官捐赠的悲剧)符合以上说法，故选A项。