AIDS may be one of the most undesirable diseases in the world. Luckily, there is now hope for AIDS patients. According to a recent paper published in the New England Journal of Medicine, Chinese scientists have successfully used CRISPR technology-a method of gene editing-to treat a patient with HIV. While it may not have cured the patient fully, it still represents a huge step forward in fighting the disease.
The patient was a 27-year-old Chinese man who was diagnosed with both AIDS and acute lymphoblastic leukemia, a type of blood cancer. Despite his bleak situation, doctors offered him a glimmer of hope: a bone marrow (骨髓) transplant to treat his cancer and an experimental treatment for his HIV.
They edited the DNA in bone marrow stem cells from a donor before transplanting the cells into the patient. Specifically, the treatment involved using the gene-editing tool CRISPR-Cas9 to delete a gene known as CCRS, which encodes a protein that HIV uses to get inside human cells. Without the gene, HIV is unable to enter cells. Talking about the gene, lead scientist Deng Hongkui told CNN, “After being edited, the cells-and the blood cells they produce-have the ability to resist HIV infection.” Nineteen months after the treatment, the patient’s leukemia was in complete relief and donor cells without CCR5 remained, according to the research paper.
Though the transplant did not cure the man’s HIV, it still showed the effectiveness of gene-editing technology, as there was no indication of any unintended genetic alterations (改变) -a major concern with past gene therapy experiments.
Amesh Adalja, a senior scholar at the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security in the United States, who was not involved in the study, praised the treatment. “They did a very innovative experiment, it was safe,” he told Live Science. “It should be viewed as a success.”
Deng believes gene-editing technology could “bring a new dawn” to blood-related diseases such as AIDS and sickle cell anemia. Thanks to this new technology, “the goal of a functional cure for AIDS is getting closer and closer,” he said.
1.How did the new treatment fight against HIV?
A.By preventing HIV from entering cells. B.By changing the structure of HIV.
C.By removing a protein that HIV feeds on. D.By identifying and killing HIV.
2.What was the result of the treatment?
A.CCR5 and other genes in the patient’s cells were changed.
B.Some of the patient’s blood cells could resist HIV infection.
C.HIV could no longer get into the patient’s cells.
D.The donor cells without CCR5 disappeared finally.
3.What do we know about the experiment?
A.It has provided an innovative way to cure AIDS patients.
B.It pointed out the problems of gene therapy for AIDS.
C.It’s the first experiment to use gene-editing technology to treat AIDS.
D.It could offer a safe treatment for blood-related diseases.
John B. Goodenough, an engineering professor from the University of Texas at Austin, has been awarded the 2019 Nobel Prize in Chemistry-jointly with M. Stanley Whittingham, a chemistry professor from the State University of New York and Japan’s Akira Yoshino, a professor of Meijo University-for the development of lithium-ion batteries (锂电池). According to the Nobel Committee, the three scientists “have created the right conditions for a wireless and fossil fuel-free society, and so brought the greatest benefit to humankind”.
Goodenough, born in 1922, identified and developed the key materials that can power portable electronics, leading to the wireless revolution. Today, batteries containing Goodenough’s innovations are used worldwide for mobile phones, power tools, laptops, tablets and other wireless devices, as well as electric vehicles.
Goodenough received a bachelor’s degree in mathematics from Yale University and a doctorate in physics from the university of Chicago. He beat the odds against him, first overcoming dyslexia (阅读困难症) as a child, and then the claim of a teacher who told the doctoral student in his 20s that he had started too late to be successful in physics.
He began his career in 1952 at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s Lincoln Laboratory, where he laid the groundwork for the development of random-access memory (RAM) for the digital computer. After MIT, Goodenough became a professor and head of the Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory at the University of Oxford where in 1979 he discovered it would be possible to store energy in rechargeable batteries through lithium cobalt oxide (锂钴氧化物).That discovery helped develop the lithium-ion battery. Goodenough joined the University of Texas at Austin in 1986, where his groundbreaking work continued.
At 97 years old, he still continues to push the boundaries of materials science. Despite the lithium-ion battery being well developed and available as a commercial product, it has its limitations. It can’t be charged too fast or overcharged. Goodenough still wants to see some new developments.
“I hope Ut-Austin still keeps me employed,” Goodenough once joked.
1.The underlined phrase “beat the odds” in Paragraph 3 means “ “.
A.become very famous B.face the challenges
C.win the competition D.overcome the difficulties
2.What can we infer from the passage?
A.In MIT, Goodenough made the important discovery leading to the development of the Lithium-ion battery.
B.When he studied for his doctorate in university, not all his teachers encouraged him to be successful.
C.According to the Nobel Committee, Goodenough made the greatest contributions in the discovery.
D.Because of his old age, Goodenough found it difficult to improve the limitations of the lithium-ion battery.
3.What is the best title for the text?
A.The Father of the Lithium-ion Batteries. B.Three Scientists are Awarded the Nobel Prize.
C.Make the World “Good enough”. D.It’s Never too Old to Learn.
假定你是李华。近日，某省博物馆遭投诉，一观众留言：“……不给吃东西,又不让孩子跑，工作人员管得也太多了吧！”这一做法，引起了网友热议。某英语报社现以What does a rule mean to you?为题征稿。请你写一篇100词左右的文章，谈一谈你对礼仪规范(etiquette)的认识。
注意:1.标题和开头已为你写岀，不计入总数；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
What does a rule mean to you?
It' s reported that a parent complains about a ban on food and running at the museum, saying the museum is “asking too much of children”.
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假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下面画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
On July 5th my little dog Milo escaped from my yard fencing by bars. I suspected it was the fireworks on July 4th which frightened him. He headed for miles to the 1-5 freeway, running in and out of the traffic on it. A young couple spent several hours driven him away by car and on feet and rescued him. Having been noticed my phone number on his collar, they called me. They waited me in a supermarket parking lot after I came to pick him up. If it hasn't been for them, he would sure have been killed on the freeway. Their kind will never be forgotten!
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
My aunt Carmeleta was the wife of my mother's youngest brother Fred. 1. my uncle Fred died many years ago and now Aunt Carmeleta 2.(marry) to Ken, I still consider her my aunt.
Everyone should have 3.wonderful aunt like Aunt Carmeleta. When I was a teenager, I lived with them for 2 years. Like a lot of teenagers, I had problems 4. (associate) with those playmates or classmates who talked 5. ( negative) about me. If you have ever had this happen, you’ll understand how 6. ( pain) it is.
I’d talk to Aunt Carmeleta about these hurtful things and she would always say, “Just be yourself.” This was great advice! In fact, it’s been some of the best advice I 7. (receive) since I could remember. I learned not everyone is going 8. (like) you and that's okay. Just be yourself.
When my husband Bill met Aunt Carmeleta for the first time, he questioned, “How could anyone be so nice and so real?” But he has found out the 9. (true) through the years. I've never forgotten AuntCarmeleta’s advice to “Just be yourself. ” We need more people in this world 10. give great advice and are kind and caring like Aunt Carmeleta.
When I was 17, I paid a long visit to Iowa to see a college I was thinking of attending. While the _______ was fun for the most part, I was feeling depressed and _______. I was realizing that I wouldn't be seeing my family _______ if I went to school here. I was also _______ the forests in Appalachian mountains of my home. I loved how the leaves turned a thousand _______ of green in spring and then became a sea of colors in autumn. I loved the _______ of the forget-me-nots and countless wild flowers that grew on the hillsides.
Here in Iowa everything was _______. The grass looked brown and _______. All that I could smell was a_______ of corn, mud, and pigs. One day I lay down on the ground. Eyes closed, I ________ being back home over and over again. When I ________ opened them, however, I saw something that ________ my soul: a prairie (草原) sunset. It seemed to fill the whole sky from the________. Gold, red, purple and pink clouds all flowed together and________ an amazing picture. It was so huge that I was________. In comparison with it, our mountain sunsets ________. I was filled with wonder and a sense of ________. I realized too that I had been picky and________. This place too had its own special ________
Over the years to come I learned something else. Each of us has a special beauty too —everyone has their own________talents and abilities to share.
1.A.story B.process C.trip D.performance
2.A.ashamed B.separated C.embarrassed D.shocked
3.A.very much B.any more C.long before D.ever since
4.A.crossing B.counting C.memorizing D.missing
5.A.manners B.shades C.pictures D.scenes
6.A.appearance B.color C.smell D.strength
7.A.flat B.tiring C.tiny D.certain
8.A.thick B.easy C.cozy D.burnt
9.A.variety B.pile C.mixture D.group
10.A.dreamed of B.gave up C.applied to D.insisted on
11.A.patiently B.secretly C.gently D.finally
12.A.bared B.touched C.freed D.sold
13.A.altitude B.sea C.horizon D.top
14.A.formed B.developed C.represented D.praised
15.A.worn out B.carried away C.put off D.taken in
16.A.landed B.varied C.arrived D.paled
17.A.harmony B.honor C.duty D.direction
18.A.guilty B.sensitive C.foolish D.selfless
19.A.meaning B.beauty C.card D.gift
20.A.strange B.reliable C.flexible D.unique
