Question

    One morning, when Gregor Samsa woke from troubled dreams, he found himself transformed in his bed into a horrible insect. He lay on his armor-like back, and if he lifted his head a little he could see his brown belly, slightly domed and divided by arches into stiff sections. The bedding was hardly able to cover it and seemed ready to slide off any moment. His many legs, pitifully thin compared with the size of the rest of him, waved about helplessly as he looked.

“What’s happened to me?” he thought. It wasn’t a dream. His room, a proper human room although a little too small, lay peacefully between its four familiar walls. A collection of textile samples lay spread out on the table-Samsa was a travelling salesman-and above it there hung a picture that he had recently cut out of an illustrated magazine and housed in a nice, gilded frame. It showed a lady fitted out with a fur hat and fur scarf who sat upright, raising a heavy fur muff(暖手筒)that covered the whole of her lower arm towards the viewer.

Gregor then turned to look out the window at the dull weather. Drops of rain could be heard hitting the window, which made him feel quite sad. “How about if I sleep a little bit longer and forget all this nonsense,” he thought, but that was something he was unable to do because he was used to sleeping on his right, and in his present state couldn’t get into that position. However hard he threw himself onto his right, he always rolled back to where he was. He must have tried it a hundred times, shut his eyes so that he wouldn’t have to look at the floundering legs, and only stopped when he began to feel a mild, dull pain there that he had never felt before.

He thought, “What a heavy career it is that I’ve chosen! Travelling day in and day out. Doing business like this takes much more effort than doing your own business at home, and on top of that there's the curse of travelling, worries about making train connections, bad and irregular food, contact with different people all the time so that you can never get to know anyone or become friendly with them.” He felt a slight itch up on his belly; pushed himself slowly up on his back towards the headboard so that he could lift his head better; found where the itch was, and saw that it was covered with lots of little white spots which he didn’t know what to make of; and when he tried to feel the place with one of his legs he drew it quickly back because as soon as he touched it he was overcome by a cold tremble.

He slid back into his former position. “Getting up early all the time,” he thought, “it makes you stupid. You’ve got to get enough sleep. Other travelling salesmen live a life of luxury. For instance, whenever I go back to the guest house during the morning to copy out the contract, these gentlemen are always still sitting there eating their breakfasts. I ought to just try that with my boss; I’d get kicked out on the spot. But who knows, maybe that would be the best thing for me. If I didn’t have my parents to think about I’d have given in my notice a long time ago, I’d have gone up to the boss and told him just what I think, tell him everything I would, let him know just what I feel. He’d fall right off his desk! And it’s a funny sort of business to be sitting up there at your desk, talking down at your inferiors from up there, especially when you have to go right up close because the boss is hard of hearing. Well, there’s still some hope; once I’ve got the money together to pay off my parents’ debt to him-another five or six years I suppose-that’s definitely what I’ll do. That’s when I’ll make the big change. First of all though, I’ve got to get up, my train leaves at five.”

1.According to the passage, Gregor initially believes his transformation is a ____.

A.curse B.disease C.nightmare D.fraud

2.The word “floundering” in paragraph most nearly means ____.

A.struggling B.painful C.pitiful D.trembling

3.The author most likely includes a description of Gregor’s itch in paragraph 4 to ____.

A.remind the reader that Gregor has already turned into an insect

B.stress the disconnection between Gregors’ thoughts and his actual situation

C.present important details about what Gregor’s new body looks like

D.show that Gregor’s thoughts are focused on the changes to his body

4.The passage most strongly suggests which of the following about Gregor’s attitude toward his profession?

A.He is angry. B.He is eager to please.

C.He is depressed. D.He is diligent.

5.What central idea does the excerpt(节选)communicate through Gregor’s experiences?

A.Imagination is a dangerous thing. B.People are fearful of change.

C.Dreams become our reality. D.Man is a slave to work.

6.The main rhetorical(修辞的)effect of the final sentence of the excerpt (“First of all though, I've got to get up, my train leaves at five”) is to ____.

A.provide a solution to the conflict Gregor faces

B.foretell the conflict between Gregor and his boss

C.illustrate Gregor’s flexibility and ability to move on

D.emphasize Gregor’s extreme sense of duty

Answer

1.C

2.A

3.B

4.A

5.D

6.D

【解析】

本文为记叙文。本文选自Franz Kafka的小说《变形记》。节选的部分叙述了文章的主人Gregor在早晨醒来时发现自己变成了一只可怕的害虫。文章叙述了Gregor为了养活家人尽心尽责，长年奔波在外。辛苦支撑着整个家庭的花销。

1.细节理解题。第一段“One morning, when Gregor Samsa woke from troubled dreams, he found himself transformed in his bed into a horrible insect.”一天早晨，格里高尔·萨姆沙从噩梦中醒来，发现自己在床上变成了一只可怕的昆虫。可知，发现自己在床上变成了一只可怕的昆虫让格里高尔·萨姆沙觉得是一场噩梦。“nightmare（恶梦）”即是对“troubled dreams（可怕的梦）”的转述，故选C。

2.词义猜测题。第一段“His many legs, pitifully thin compared with the size of the rest of him, waved about helplessly as he looked.” 他的许多条腿，跟他身体的其他部分比起来，瘦得可怜，一边望着，一边无助地挥动着。由此可知这些腿没有力气，只能挣扎着。第三段“However hard he threw himself onto his right, he always rolled back to where he was. He must have tried it a hundred times, shut his eyes so that he wouldn’t have to look at the floundering legs,...” 不管他多么努力地向右转，他总是回到原来的位置。他一定试过一百次了，闭上眼睛，这样他就不必看那些（floundering）的腿了。由此可知，这些腿没有力气，只能挣扎着着却很难移动，这些腿是“floundering”“挣扎着的”，分析选项A. struggling挣扎着的，困难的；B. painful痛苦的；C. pitiful可怜的；D. trembling颤抖的。可知A项符合题意，故选A。

3.推理判断题。根据第四段中 的“He felt a slight itch up on his belly; pushed himself slowly up on his back towards the headboard so that he could lift his head better; found where the itch was, and saw that it was covered with lots of little white spots which he didn’t know what to make of; and when he tried to feel the place with one of his legs he drew it quickly back because as soon as he touched it he was overcome by a cold tremble.” 他觉得肚子上有点痒；他慢慢地仰面朝床头板爬去，以便能更好地抬起头来；他找到了痒的地方，发现它上面有许多白色的小斑点，他不知道那是什么；当他试着用一条腿去摸那个地方，因为一摸到它，就浑身打冷颤，很快就缩了回来。由此可知，本段描述Gregor的痒的情况，是强调他的大脑无法与他的行动保持联系，即思维和实际情况断开联系了。故选B。

4.推理判断题。根据第四段中所用的词：He thought, “What a heavy career it is that I’ve chosen! Travelling day in and day out. Doing business like this takes much more effort than doing your own business at home, and on top of that there's the curse of travelling, worries about making train connections, bad and irregular food, contact with different people all the time so that you can never get to know anyone or become friendly with them.”我选择了一个多么沉重的职业啊！日复一日的旅行。做这样的生意比在家里做自己的事需要付出更多的努力，“诅咒”长时间的旅行、“担心”搭火车的烦恼、“糟糕的不规律”的饮食、一直与不同的人接触，这样你就永远无法认识任何人，也“无法与他们友好相处”。段落中的用词可看出作者对于这份工作是多么的不喜欢。以及第五段“Getting up early all the time,” he thought, “it makes you stupid. ... Well, there’s still some hope; once I’ve got the money together to pay off my parents’ debt to him-another five or six years I suppose-that’s definitely what I’ll do. That’s when I’ll make the big change.”“ 我总是起得很早，”他想，“这让你很蠢。还是有希望的;一旦我攒够了钱来偿还我父母欠他的债务——我想再过五六年——我肯定会这么做的。那就是我要做出大改变的时候。由此可知，一旦有机会，就会改变现状，不做这份工作，可见他对工作有愤怒，故选A。

5.推理判断题。第四段中的“What a heavy career it is that I’ve chosen! Travelling day in and day out. Doing business like this takes much more effort than doing your own business at home, and on top of that there's the curse of travelling, ...contact with different people all the time ...” 他想：“我选择了一个多么沉重的职业啊！日复一日的旅行。做这样的生意比在家里做自己的事需要付出更多的努力，诅咒长时间的旅行...一直与不同的人接触。”和第五段“Getting up early all the time,” he thought, “... once I’ve got the money together to pay off my parents’ debt to him-another five or six years...” “一旦我凑齐了钱，再有五、六年还清父母的债务 ...”，可知，这种职业总是要起得很早，...等凑齐了钱，偿还我父母欠的债务——我想再过五六年——我肯定会这么做。...”。由以上的内容可知，Gregor早起工作，长时间的旅行。工作要比做自己的事要付出更多的努力。Gregor的经历的对话中可知，人就是工作的奴隶，故选D。

6.推理判断题。 “If I didn’t have my parents to think about I’d have given in my notice a long time ago, I’d have gone up to the boss and told him just what I think, tell him everything I would, let him know just what I feel. He’d fall right off his desk! ... Well, there’s still some hope; once I’ve got the money together to pay off my parents’ debt to him-another five or six years I suppose-that’s definitely what I’ll do. That’s when I’ll make the big change. First of all though, I’ve got to get up, my train leaves at five.” 如果我不为父母着想，我早就在通知里说了，我就会去找老板，告诉他我的想法，告诉他我想做的一切，让他知道我的感受。他会从桌子上摔下来的！... 一旦我凑齐了钱，再有五、六年还清父母的债务，我想我肯定会这么做的。到那时我会做出重大改变。不过，首先，我得起床，我的火车五点发车。”可知，Gregor为父母着想，为了还债，做了一份自己不喜欢的工作。虽然抱怨工作的辛苦，但为了实现自己的目标，还是会努力的。由此可推断出他是一个有责任心的人。所以最后一句“First of all though, I’ve got to get up, my train leaves at five.”是表明他是一个非常有责任心的人。故选D。