Question

    Psychologists like Stephen Reicher from the University of St. Andrews in the U.K. suspect that crowds have a positive impact on the health of the individuals within them. Actually, what their research shows is that crowds are _________ to society. They help form our sense of who we are, they help form our relations to others — they even help determine our _________ well-being.

Reicher and his colleagues came to the largest Hindu festival, the Kumbh, to test the idea that crowds are beneficial and to confirm the healthful effects of the festival on its participants. Before the start of festival, his researchers went out into the Indian countryside to question a group of _________ attenders about their mental and physical health. They also questioned people who didn’t plan to attend. The researchers _________ to question both groups a month after the festival had ended. Those who stayed in their villages reported no real change over the period of the study. Those who attended it, on the other hand, reported a 10 percent _________ in their health, including less pain, less anxiety and higher energy levels. What’s more, the good effects lasted long afterward.

Why should belonging to a crowd improve your health? The psychologists think _________ identity is the cause. “You think in terms of ‘we’ rather than ‘I’,” explains a colleague of Reicher’s. This way of thinking _________ human relationships. Members of the crowd support one another, competition becomes cooperation, and people are able to achieve their goals in a way they wouldn’t be able to _________.

Unfortunately, in spite of the mutual support so _________ elsewhere at the Kumbh, 36 people died in a stampede (踩踏) at the train station there after the festival. Somehow the crowd had lost its ____________. Reicher wrote that one possible cause was that the people no longer formed a psychological crowd. They no longer saw those around them as fellows, but rather as ____________ for seats on a train.

____________, before this tragedy, Reicher had interviewed a villager who was asked to describe the feeling in the crowd at the station. “People think they are more powerful than you, they can push you around,” she said. She was then asked to describe the feeling in the Kumbh: “People ____________ you. They treat you in a polite manner.” The stampede was an example of what can happen when the psychological cooperation of a crowd ____________.

Incidents such as the stampede are rare at the festival, and this one is unlikely to discourage people from attending the event in the future. The police will undoubtedly learn from this experience and make the station safer. But in crowds as large as those at the festival, individuals must put their ____________ in the power of psychological cooperation. In other words, “Love thy (your) neighbor.” One day, it could even save your life.

1.A.appealing B.special C.critical D.instructive

2.A.financial B.physical C.developmental D.judgmental

3.A.average B.prosperous C.representative D.prospective

4.A.turned B.returned C.refused D.hesitated

5.A.improvement B.mystery C.understanding D.sign

6.A.particular B.unique C.shared D.personal

7.A.settles B.alters C.handles D.maintain

8.A.just B.late C.alone D.further

9.A.evident B.secure C.regular D.feasible

10.A.equality B.status C.spirit D.harmony

11.A.occupants B.participants C.competitors D.candidates

12.A.Inevitably B.Likewise C.Unfortunately D.Strangely

13.A.are cautious about B.are jealous of C.are suspicious of D.are concerned about

14.A.pops up B.breaks down C.goes on D.takes off

15.A.foundation B.interest C.faith D.personality

Answer

1.C

2.B

3.D

4.B

5.A

6.C

7.B

8.C

9.A

10.D

11.C

12.D

13.D

14.B

15.C

【解析】

本文是一篇说明文。英国圣安德鲁斯大学的心理学家斯蒂芬·赖歇尔等人怀疑——群体对个体的健康有积极影响。赖歇尔和他的同事们参加了印度最大的节日——大壶节（Kumbh），以验证群众有益的观点，并确认了该节日对参与者的健康有积极的影响。但是这次大壶节上，发生了踩踏事件，造成了36人死亡。由此，赖歇尔告诫大家在节日里的人群中，个人必须相信心理合作的力量，以避免类似悲剧的发生。

1.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上，他们的研究表明，群体对社会是至关重要的。A. appealing有魅力的；B. special特殊的；C. critical至关重要的；D. instructive有益的。根据下文They help form our sense of who we are, they help form our relations to others — they even help determine our ____2____ well-being.可知，群体对社会是至关重要的。故选C。

2.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它们帮助我们形成自我意识，帮助我们建立与他人的关系，甚至帮助决定我们的身体健康。A. financial金融的；B. physical身体的；C. developmental启发的；D. judgmental审判的。此处与上文form our sense of who we are形成呼应，指“决定我们的身体健康”。故选B。

3.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在节日开始之前，他的研究人员去了印度农村，询问了一组未来的参加者关于他们的精神和身体健康的问题。A. average平均的；B. prosperous繁荣的；C. representative典型的；D. prospective未来的。根据上文Before the start of festival可知，此处指“未来要参加节日的人们”。故选D。

4.考查动词词义辨析。句意：节日结束一个月后，研究人员返回去调查这两组人。A. turned转向；B. returned返回；C. refused拒绝；D. hesitated犹豫。根据a month after the festival had ended可知，此处指研究人员返回去调查。故选B。

5.考查名词词义辨析。句意：另一方面，那些参加的人报告说他们的健康状况改善了10%，包括更少的疼痛、更少的焦虑和更高的精力水平。A. improvement改善；B. mystery神秘；C. understanding理解；D. sign迹象。根据下文including less pain, less anxiety and higher energy levels可知，此处指“健康状况改善了”。故选A。

6.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：心理学家认为共有的身份就是其原因。A. particular特别的；B. unique独特的；C. shared共有的；D. personal个人的。根据下文“You think in terms of ‘we’ rather than ‘I’,” explains a colleague of Reicher’s.可知，此处指“共有的身份”。故选C。

7.考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种思维方式改变了人际关系。A. settles定居；B. alters改变；C. handles处理；D. maintain维持。根据下文Members of the crowd support one another, competition becomes cooperation, and people are able to achieve their goals in a way they wouldn’t be able to ____8____.可知，此处指“改变了人际关系”故选B。

8.考查形容词词辨析。句意：群体中的成员互相支持，竞争变成了合作，人们能够以一种他们无法独自实现的方式实现他们的目标。A. just公正的；B. late晚的；C. alone独自的；D. further更远的。根据Members of the crowd support one another, competition becomes cooperation可知，此处指“人们能够以一种他们无法独自实现的方式实现他们的目标”。故选C。

9.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，尽管在大壶节的其他地方相互支持是如此明显，但在那里的火车站发生了踩踏事件，造成36人死亡。A. evident明显的；B. secure安全的；C. regular常规的；D. feasible可行的。根据上文Members of the crowd support one another, competition becomes cooperation, and people are able to achieve their goals in a way they wouldn’t be able to ____8____.可知，此处指“相互支持是很明显的”。故选A。

10.考查名词词义那些。句意：不知怎么地，人群失去了和谐。A. equality平等；B. status地位；C. spirit精神；D. harmony和谐。根据上文36 people died in a stampede (踩踏) at the train station there after the festival.可知，人群失去了和谐，发生了踩踏事件。故选D。

11.考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们不再把周围的人看作是伙伴，而是看作在火车上抢座位的竞争对手。A. occupants居住者；B. participants参与者；C. competitors竞争对手；D. candidates。根据They no longer saw those around them as fellows可知，他们把身边的人看作在火车上抢座位的竞争对手。故选C。

12.考查副词词义辨析。句意：奇怪的是，在这场悲剧发生之前，赖歇尔曾采访过一位村民，请他描述一下车站人群的感受。A. Inevitably不可避免地；B. Likewise同样地；C. Unfortunately不幸地；D. Strangely奇怪地。根据下文“People think they are more powerful than you, they can push you around,” she said.可知，赖歇尔发现这和以前的调查结果不同，这让赖歇尔感到很奇怪。故选D。

13.考查形容词词组辨析。句意：然后，她被要求描述这种感受：“人们关心你。他们对你很有礼貌。”A. are cautious about对……谨慎；B. are jealous of嫉妒；C. are suspicious of怀疑；D. are concerned about关心。根据They treat you in a polite manner.可知，此处指她被要求用积极的思想去描述参加活动的感受。D项符合语境。故选D。

14.考查动词短语辨析。句意：踩踏事件是一个例子，说明当人群的心理合作崩溃时可能会发生什么。A. pops up弹出；B. breaks down崩溃；C. goes on继续；D. takes off起飞。根据语境可知，发生了踩踏事件，那么当时人群的心理合作应该是崩溃了。故选B。

15.考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是，在节日里的人群中，个人必须相信心理合作的力量。A. foundation根据；B. interest兴趣；C. faith信念；D. personality个性。根据下文In other words, “Love thy (your) neighbor.” One day, it could even save your life.可知，此处指“个人必须相信心理合作的力量”。故选C。