The accident is reported _______ on the first Sunday in February.
A.to occur B.having occurred C.having been occurred D.to have occurred
请认真阅读下面有关”不同年龄达到不同能力巅峰”的研究结果，并根据要求用英语写一篇 150字左右的文章。
“At almost any given age, most of us are getting better at some things and worse at others,” Joshua Hartshorne, an MIT cognitive science researcher and the lead author of a study looking at how intelligence changes as we age, told Business Insider.
The team behind that study quizzed thousands of people aged 10-90 on their ability to do things like remembering lists of words, recognizing faces. Their results suggest that no matter what your age, there’s almost always a new peak on the horizon.
1.用约 30 个单词概述图表和上文的主要内容；
2.用约 120 个单词发表你的观点，内容包括:
(1)谈谈”不同年龄达到不同能力巅峰”这一研究发现的意义(至少两点)；
(2)结合自身实际，说明如何在现阶段把握你的优势。
（写作要求）
(1) 须表明个人观点，同时提供理由或依据；
(2) 阐述观点或提供论据时，不得直接引用原文中的句子；
(3) 文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
(4) 不必写标题。
（评分标准） 内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
注意:作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。
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请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。 注意:每个空格只填 1 个单词。请将答案写在答题卷上相应题号的横线上。
One of the most efficient ways to promote peace and jump-start flagging economies is to empower girls and invest in their education. Today, girls’ lack of access to basic education is compounded when it comes to the use of digital technology, leaving them far behind boys. And because the world is ever more digital, those who lack basic Internet skills will find it increasingly more difficult to participate in the formal economy, to obtain a quality education, to access health care, information and psychosocial support, to have their voices heard.
Since 2013 the global gender gap in male and female access to the Internet has actually increased from 11 to 12 percent. Worse yet, women and girls living in the poorest countries are 31 percent less likely than men and boys to have access to the Internet. In developing countries, some 200 million fewer women than men own a mobile phone, the most common means of Internet access there. This digital divide is increasing, and should it continue at the present pace, it is projected that over 75 percent of women and girls will lack internet access and digital skills.
There are many causes for the digital gender gap. They include girls’ exclusion from basic education writ large, from specific technology education and design, high costs of both devices and Internet access, scarcity of content relevant for women and girls, and socio-cultural biases and discrimination, such as barriers to women speaking freely and privately both online and offline. Indeed, one of the most insidious reasons why girls may be discouraged from learning how to access and use digital technology is also a groundless one: that girls are simply not good at using technology.
The United Nations has affirmed that human rights online are human rights offline. These stereotypes reinforce harmful norms that keep women and girls from enjoying their human rights.
According to the International Institute for Sustainable Development, an independent, non-profit and non-governmental research organization, the gender digital divide is a major roadblock to women’s economic empowerment and participation in the economy. Without a major increase of policy effort and investment, most of the benefits of technological change will be enjoyed only by men, worsening gender inequality.
In the words of USAID Senior Gender Coordinator Michelle Bekkering, a girl’s future should be defined not by her sex, but by her commitment to hard work and ability to access the resources she needs to succeed.
Girls are left far behind boys in terms of digital technology | |
1.situation | ●Lacking basic Internet skills makes girls less likely to be 2. in the economic activities, to get well-educated, to access health care, information and psychosocial support, and to voice their opinions. ●The gender gap has increased by 1% since 2013 3. and in the poorest countries, the 4. of females accessing the Internet are lowered by 31%. ●In developing countries, fewer women own the mobile phone and the great 5. cannot be bridged if it should continue at the present pace. |
Causes and effects | ●Girls are6. from some different forms of education and both devices and Internet access are expensive for girls. ●There’s a lack of proper content and biases and discrimination still exist. ● Some people hold the view that girls are simply not good at using technology, which doesn’t make any 7. . |
| ●Benefits brought by technological changes are mostly enjoyed by men, making gender inequality 8. of a problem. |
Opinions and solutions | ●Empowered and offered a quality education, girls will make significant9. to peace and the economic recovery. ●What 10. a girl’s future is her devotion, hard work and ability rather than her sex. ●Women and girls are supposed to enjoy more human rights both online and offline. |
阅读下面各题，并根据首字母，写出下列各句空格处单词的正确形式，请将答案的完整形式 写在答题卡相应题号的横线上，每个空格只填一个单词。
1.I found him sitting in his chair, completely a ____ in a magazine.
2.Shanghai is the biggest c ____ city and economic center in China.
3.The manager gave this task to Jim, as he is quite t ____ and you can rely on him to get it done on time.
4.This is my favorite magazine and I have been s ____ to it for years.
5.Most of his colleagues have a low opinion of him, for his actions aren’t always c ____ with his words.
Recently I rolled into a local restaurant to try an Impossible Burger, an all-plant meat-like pie invented by the Silicon Valley company Impossible Foods. It’s famous for having a weirdly chewy, even bloody, meat-like quality, a surprising verisimilitude (逼真) that has made it “perhaps the country’s most famous burger,” as New York magazine recently wrote. One bite into its gorgeous, smoky flavor, and I was convinced.
This is good news, because the time has come to mass-produce fake meat, fast. Why? Because in the fight to ease climate change, meat replacement is one of the lowest-hanging fruits.
Meat production chews up land and lets out methane(沼气) by the kiloton, accounting for about two-thirds of all greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture. A University of Oxford study recently found that, to keep global warming below 2 degrees this century, we need to be eating 75 percent less beef and 90 percent less pork globally. “Without concentrated change, we really risk going beyond key environmental limits,” Marco Springmann, one of the Oxford researchers, warns me.
Diets are culturally enshrined(神圣的), so changing them will be hard. Fake meat can help camouflage(掩饰) that dramatic transformation with slight adjustment.
Still, even the most exceptional substitutes for meat face a huge challenge if they’re going to replace 75 to 90 percent of beef and pork. The first taste of an Impossible Burger-a moment when low expectations work a powerful magic in the product’s favor-is one thing. But how do you keep meat-eaters asking for more after their sixth, and their 26th?
Fortunately, the science here is playing an important role. Impossible Foods owes much of its appeal to a bioengineering process that turns out big, blood-red tanks of “heme,” a crucial molecule that gives veggie(素食主义者) meat “that slightly metallic bloody flavor,” as David Lipman, chief science officer of Impossible Foods, tells me. Meanwhile, “cultured meat,” created by growing actual animal cells in a basin, is becoming a reality. In New York, the scientists at Ocean Hugger Foods have engineered a process to transform tomatoes into mock tuna. And over in the Netherlands, a company called The Vegetarian Butcher is developing a Nespresso-style device: You pour in a bag of vegetable protein and out pops fake meat. The company aims to release it in two years.
To get to true mass adoption, fake meat will need to compete favorably with the real thing on multiple fronts. Impossible Foods’ goal is to drive the price of its product below that of Safeway’s 80/20 hamburger meat, at which point people will simply vote with their wallets. The new industry also wants to improve on animal flesh in various ways. Fake meat will outcompete traditional meat because “you won’t need to refrigerate it if you’re making it as you go,” co-founder Niko Koffeman says. That’d give unmeat an enormous advantage for energy-poor developing regions. Plus, fake meat could provide more choices. “You could have very soft and tender meat for elderly people,” Koffeman adds. “You could have a custom meat for whatever you need.”
We could speed this dietary shift with smart public policy too. Beginning in 2006, New York City cut the number of adults consuming one or more sugary drinks per day by 35 percent by running appealing public service campaigns and requiring the labeling of their high calorie counts in fast-food restaurants. Imagine similar measures promoting fake meat: “Save the planet, bite by bite.” Save your health too. Speaking of your conscience, industrial-scale animal farming is ethically unpleasant.
You can tell the world is shifting this way, because the ranchers (牧场主) are nervous. Last year, the US Cattlemen’s Association asked the government to define “meat” as a product “obtained directly from animals.” That anxiety, which is no doubt caused by science, goes to show that this grand shift isn’t impossible.
1.The author was convinced by the Impossible Burger because .
A.it looks like a traditional meat burger
B.it contains no meat but tastes like meat
C.its flavor is different from that of normal ones
D.more vegetables are used in the burger
2.What does the author mean by saying “lowest hanging fruits” in paragraph 2?
A.A task that is difficult to fulfill. B.An approach that is economical.
C.A goal that is easy to achieve. D.A product that is environment-friendly.
3.The author is most likely to agree that .
A.fake meat cannot change people’s dietary habits
B.fake meat is worthy of investment for its great potential
C.a decline in meat consumption can relieve global warming
D.fake meat will replace real meat because of its lower price
4.Fake meat has an advantage over traditional meat in that .
A.fake meat will not be necessarily stored in a refrigerator
B.the price of fake meat will be one-fourth of the traditional meat’s
C.fake meat will win over the older people thanks to its quality
D.fake meat has a bloody flavor that is not found in traditional meat
5.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A.The US government doesn’t give enough support to ranchers.
B.The world will probably accept the idea of fake meat.
C.People don’t like to eat meat produced by the ranchers now.
D.The definition of meat has been revised because of fake meat.
6.Which is probably the suitable title for the passage?
A.Fake meat or traditional meat, must we choose? B.Traditional meat, an environment killer.
C.Let’s speed up the dietary shift. D.Let’s welcome the fake meat.
You’re walking down a quiet street and suddenly you hear some footsteps. Undoubtedly, it means that there’s someone around. But have you ever wondered why it occurs to us that it’s someone else’s footsteps, not ours?
According to a new study published in the journal Nature in September, this phenomenon arises from a function in our brain to ignore the noise we make ourselves.
In order to explore how our brain does this, a group of scientists carried out an experiment with mice at Duke University. The research entered on an intuition-that we are usually unaware of the sound of our own footsteps-as a vehicle for understanding larger neural phenomena; how this behavior reveals the ability to monitor, recognize, and remember the sound of one’s own movements in relation to those of their larger environments.
In the experiment, research controlled the sounds of a group of mice could hear, reported Science Daily. During the first several days, the mice would hear the same sound each time they took a step. This was just like “running on a tiny piano with each key playing exactly the same note”, senior study author Richard Mooney, a professor of neurobiology at Duke University, told Live Science.
Scientists found that their auditory cortex (听觉皮层) – the area of the brain that processes sound –became active at first but decreased its response to the sound after two or three minutes when the mice became familiar with it.
“ It’s almost like they were wearing special headphones that could filter (过滤) out the sound of their own movements.” David Schneider, an assistant professor at the Center for Neutral Science at New York University, told HuffPost.
But once the sound changed, their auditory cortex became active again. This suggests that the “sensory filter” in a mouse’s brain could help it detect new sounds or abnormal noise in the environment easily after tuning out familiar sounds.
“For mice, this is really important,” said Schneider. “They are prey animals, so they really need to be able to listen for a cat creeping up on them, even when they’re walking and making noise.
Being able to ignore the sounds of one’s own movements is likely important for humans as well. But the ability to predict the sounds of our own actions is also important for more complex human behaviors such as speaking or playing an instrument.
“When we learn to speak or to play music, we predict what sounds we are going to hear – such as when we prepare to strike keys on a piano – and we compare this to what we actually hear, “explains Schneider. “We use mismatches between expectation and experience to change how we play – and we get better over time because our brain is trying to minimize these errors.”
1.What can be discovered about mice in the experiment?
A.Their brain responds inactively to the familiar sounds
B.They are able to detect sounds other animals don’t notice.
C.They cannot identify different sounds except their own footsteps.
D.Different areas of their brain are responsible for different sounds.
2.What’s the function of the sensory filter?
A.Ignoring the sounds made by our companions.
B.Getting used to abnormal or unfamiliar sounds.
C.Identifying the sounds from a larger environment.
D.Being sensitive to the sounds of our own movement.
3.Why can a good symphony conductor immediately recognize it when a wrong note is played?
A.He has the ability to match the wrong note with the instrument player.
B.He has an intuition that he should ignore the sound of his own movement.
C.He has a low expectation and knows where players are likely to make errors.
D.He has a good prediction of how each note should be played in the orchestra.
4.What can be inferred from the passage?
A.Noise-filtering ability ensures us a quiet and undisturbed environment.
B.The ability to ignore familiar noises helps to detect potential dangers.
C.The activeness of auditory cortex determines our activity performance.
D.Sound-predicting ability seems not so important for humans as for animals.
