California has been facing droughts for many years, with certain areas even having to pump freshwater hundreds of miles to their distribution system. The problem is growing as the population of the state continues to expand. New research has found deep water reserves under the state which could help solve their drought crisis. Previous drilling of wells could only reach depths of 1,000 feet, but due to new pumping practices, water deeper than this can now be extracted (抽取). The team at Stanford investigated the aquifers (地下蓄水层) below this depth and found that reserves may be three times what was previously thought.
It is profitable to drill to depths more than 1,000 feet for oil and gas, but only recently in California has it become profitable to pump water from this depth. The aquifers range from 1,000 to 3,000 feet below the ground, which means that pumping will be expensive and there are other concerns. The biggest concern is the gradual setting down of the land surface. As the water is pumped out, the vacant space left is pressed by the weight of the earth above.
Even though pumping from these depths is expensive, it is still cheaper than desalinating (脱盐) the ocean water in the largely coastal state. Some desalination plants exist where possible, but they are costly to run and can need constant repairs. Wells are much more reliable sources of freshwater, and California is hoping that these deep wells may be the answer to their severe water shortage.
One problem with these sources is that the deep water also has a higher level of salt than shallower aquifers. This means that some water may even need to be desalinated after extraction, thus increasing the cost. Research from the study of groundwater has just been published. New estimates of the water reserves now go up to 2,700 billion cubic meters of freshwater.
1.According to the text, what causes the water crisis in California?
A.Previous drilling of wells. B.The messy distribution system.
C.Constant droughts in the area. D.The adoption of new pumping practices.
2.The research teams think it ________ to extract water from deeper aquifers.
A.expensive but practical B.reliable and profitable
C.cost-free but demanding D.cheap and environment-friendly
3.What is mentioned as a consequence of extracting water from deep underground?
A.The damage to aquifers. B.The sinking of land surface.
C.The decrease in operation costs. D.The negative effects on the climate.
4.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A.To encourage people to save water.
B.To promote the seawater desalination.
C.To introduce a new way of extracting freshwater.
D.To draw people’s attention to the droughts in California.
My college experience included this life-skill lesson: Drink alcohol on a full stomach. Or you will get inebriated too quickly. Of course, most college students shouldn’t be drinking at all, but we know from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism that close to 60 percent of college students aged 18 to 22 do consume alcohol, which makes harm-reducing approaches important.
Unfortunately, campus authorities and researchers are reporting a practice that turns the full-stomach drinking strategy on its head: rather than filling up before a night of partying, significant numbers of students refuse to eat all day before consuming alcohol.
This is a high-risk behavior called “drunkorexia,” which is one part eating disorder, one part alcoholism—a very dangerous combination for college-age students. The term drunkorexia, which can also include excessive exercise or purging before consuming alcohol, was coined about 10 years ago, and it started showing up in medical research around 2012. Drunkorexia addresses the need to be the life of the party while staying extremely thin, pointing to a flawed mind-set about body image and alcoholism among college students, mostly women.
Imagine this scenario: A female college freshman doesn’t eat anything all day, exercises on an empty stomach, then downs five shots of tequila in less than two hours. Because there’s no food in her system to help slow the absorption of alcohol, those shots affect her rapidly, leading to inebriation and possibly passing out, vomiting or suffering alcohol poisoning. That’s drunkorexia.
Tavis Glassman, professor of health education and public health at the University of Toledo in Ohio, researches drunkorexia and worries about scenarios such as the one described above: “With nothing in her system, alcohol hits quickly, and that brings up the same issues as with any high-risk drinking: sexual assault, unintentional injury, fights, hangovers that affect class attendance and grades, and possibly ending up in emergency because the alcohol hits so hard,” he says.
“Alcohol can negatively affect the liver or gastrointestinal system, it can interfere with sleep, lower the immune system and is linked to several types of cancers,” Hultin says.
1.What does the underlined word “inebriated” in paragraph 1 mean?
A.excited B.overwhelmed C.addicted D.drunk
2.We can infer from the passage that ________.
A.a large number of college students spend most of their nights partying
B.some college students refuse to eat before drinking alcohol to keep slim
C.There is a direct link between body image and consuming alcohol
D.female college student is more likely to be hurt if she drinks alcohol
3.Which of the following may Tavis Glassman agree with?
A.With more food in one’s system, he may suffer from the effects of alcohol slowly.
B.Drinking five shots of tequila in less than two hours is the performance of drunkorexia.
C.Those who don’t attend classes and have lower grades tend to be addicted to alcohol.
D.Alcohol has negative effects on the immune system and may lead to several cancers.
London Zoo Set in the heart of Regents Park, London Zoo provides a great day out with a family friendly atmosphere. It has been entertaining visitors of all ages with a collection of over 80, 000 animals as well as some fantastic shows and interactive experiences for over 150 years. From the classic penguin feeding time to the insightful talks held in an authentic living rainforest there really is something for everyone to enjoy. There are fun and games in the kid’s zone including a range of special exhibits designed to be as informative as they are exciting. Children are free to explore a treetop village, a secret underground world and the “Touch Zone” which provides a safe environment for them to interact with all of their favourite creatures. There is so much to do at London Zoo you may struggle to fit it all into one day! Your ticket includes priority entry access at no extra cost giving you more time to see one of the city’s premier attractions. |
Important Information * Disabled Access: Wheelchair access is available throughout the park; however, as the Zoo contains a lot of listed buildings some have minor restrictions. * Parking space subject to (取决于) availability. Only valid in conjunction with a paid for Zoo entry ticket. * Last admission is one hour before closing time. * Some animal exhibits may close up to 30 minutes before closing time. |
1.According to the advertisement, London Zoo ________.
A.provides an ideal place for families to hold talks in an rainforest
B.combines entertainment and interactive experiences with creatures
C.offers unlimited access to premier attractions with a little more charge
D.caters to the curiosity of children with guided exploration and interactions
2.It can be learned from the passage that ________.
A.visitors will be admitted to the zoo at their convenience
B.drivers shall get parking space with a paid entry ticket
C.late comers may miss some of the animal exhibits
D.wheelchair users can have access to any building
In 1970, a cyclone(旋风)hit the southern coast of Bangladesh(孟加拉国). So severe and deadly were its effects that it’s______listed as the world’s worst-ever reported natural disaster. The______had a big impact on two Swedish men from Mission Aviation Fellowship(MAF). They traveled ______to Bangladesh for the purpose of seeing what they could do to______. They journeyed south by boat for several days, throughout the country’s vast _____ network to reach the worst-affected area and began to envision(预想)MAF using an aircraft that would _____direct access to large areas of the country that were almost out of_______.
Throughout the 1980s, MAF Australia, along with other MAF groups, sent staff to_______assistance and their patience and dedication _____since they built trust in the countries that had been ____.
In 1997, MAF could______start a flight program within Bangladesh. At that time, besides transporting doctors to hospitals located in _____parts of the country, MAF also _____an on-call emergency medevac(前线急救直升机)service in Bangladesh.
On November 15, 2007, Cyclone Sidr hit southern Bangladesh. MAF’s________response and emergency procedures were seriously_______as the office received over 200 phone calls in one day from aid agency personnel in urgent need of _____to and from the disaster zone. For the next two months, MAF______solidly, seven days a week. The float plane became known by______locals as “The Sea Angel(天使)”---the only aircraft in the country of its type having such a(n) ______.
In 2009, “The Sea Angel” was sent again for rapid assistance_______Cyclone Alla struck. Today, in Bangladesh, MAF makes over 750 flights and transports around 2,500 passengers annually.
1.A. just B. still C. soon D. often
2.A. history B. failure C. burden D. event
3.A. separately B. occasionally C. immediately D. fortunately
4.A. help B. limit C. research D. avoid
5.A. air B. bus C. river D. rail
6.A. reduce B. prevent C. change D. enable
7.A. focus B. danger C. order D. reach
8.A. seek B. provide C. promise D. receive
9.A. ran out B. came back C. paid off D. kept on
10.A. noticed B. untied C. assisted D. traveled
11.A. properly B. secretly C. suddenly D. finally
12.A. secure B. crowded C. remote D. coastal
13.A. request B. began C. restore D. continue
14.A. rapid B. natural C. appropriate D. unexpected
15.A. followed B. tested C. forecasted D. established
16.A. transport B. message C. funding D. encouragement
17.A. accelerated B. flew C. appealed D. searched
18.A. reasonable B. grateful C. outgoing D. respectable
19.A. destination B. application C. decoration D. reputation
20.A. once B. if C. when D. until
— Which classical Chinese poem do you like best?
—Don’t laugh if we lay drunken on the battleground; how many soldiers ever came back______.
A. old and young B. up and down C. safe and sound D. right and wrong
Modesty is a kind of good quality, which is ______it takes to be your personal best.
A. what B. where C. which D. when
