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What would you do if you had invited fri...

    What would you do if you had invited friends to your house and they asked you for directions? Well, you could draw a map! And, if you did, you most likely would include your street and theirs, as well as the landmarks between the two. Using these places on the map as markers, your friends can then plan the best route to take.

Generally speaking, a map is an illustration of the earth’s surface, and a person who draws maps is called a cartographer. But how are maps made? In prehistoric times, hunters would sometimes draw their hunting territories on cave walls. In the millennia that followed, maps would have been painted by hand on various materials, including clay, ivory, and even the hide of an animal.

Fast forward to modern times. With the invention of such tools as compasses, telescopes, and sextants, cartographers were able to define and show distances much more accurately. Today, aerial photography, satellite images, and computer software such as Geographical Information Systems (GIS) have made mapmaking even more precise. For example, mapmakers are now able to illustrate the physical features of our earth. Using satellite images, they can create three-dimensional maps that exceptionally correct.

Do all maps show the same contents? No! There are many different types of maps. Physical maps  give us views of the earth’s continents, mountains, forests, and waterways. Political maps identify  countries and their boundaries. Economic maps offer information about the agricultural products or minerals found in a certain region. There are also maps that detail the climate or the population density in a particular location.

Of course, there are maps that offer details other than those connected with land masses. Nautical maps, for instance, are important tools for ship captains. They include information about the depth of the water, land formations along the coastline, navigational dangers, harbors, and bridges. They also provide data on tides and currents, as well as the earth’s magnetic field. Aeronautical maps help airplane pilots to determine position and altitude, and assist ground controllers in airport towers with planning and deciding the best route to a particular destination. In emergency situations, aeronautical maps can help responders locate an alternative landing area.

Today, people who have no special map training can observe the world from above without having to leave their homes. Most likely, you have used software such as Google Earth or Google Maps. Thanks to satellite images, we can now easily spot the smallest details of our house and environment by using the Internet. Not everyone, however, is fond of these tools, because their easy access may lead to violations of privacy. Lawmakers around the world are presently addressing this issue.

1.The author mentions inviting friends to your house at the beginning to indicate that ___ .

A.details in maps matter more than land masses

B.maps have a significant place in our life

C.planning routes is the key to reaching destinations

D.it is necessary to get satellite images accurately

2.Which of the following maps mainly focus on details?

A.Aeronautical maps. B.Political maps.

C.Climatic maps. D.Economic maps.

3.What is the main purpose of the passage?

A.To underline the importance of drawing maps.

B.To compare prehistoric maps and modern maps.

C.To appeal to address the issue of violations of privacy.

D.To introduce the development and functions of maps.

 

1.B 2.A 3.D 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。这篇文章是为了介绍地图的发展和功能。 1.推理判断题。根据第一段What would you do if you had invited friends to your house and they asked you for directions? Well, you could draw a map! And, if you did, you most likely would include your street and theirs, as well as the landmarks between the two. Using these places on the map as markers, your friends can then plan the best route to take.“如果你邀请朋友到你家,他们向你问路,你会怎么做?嗯,你可以画一张地图!如果你这样做了,你很可能会包括你的街道和他们的,以及两者之间的地标。利用地图上的这些地方作为标记,你的朋友可以计划最好的路线。”由此可知,作者在开头提到邀请朋友到你家来,表明地图在我们的生活中占有重要的地位。故选B。 2.细节理解题。根据第三段中Today, aerial photography, satellite images, and computer software such as Geographical Information Systems (GIS) have made mapmaking even more precise.“今天,航空摄影、卫星图像和地理信息系统(GIS)等计算机软件使制图变得更加精确。”由此可知,所给地图中的航空地图主要关注细节。故选A。 3.主旨大意题。根据最后一段中Today, people who have no special map training can observe the world from above without having to leave their homes. Most likely, you have used software such as Google Earth or Google Maps. Thanks to satellite images, we can now easily spot the smallest details of our house and environment by using the Internet.“今天,没有接受过特殊地图训练的人可以从上面观察世界而不必离开他们的家。最有可能的是,您已经使用了诸如谷歌地球或谷歌地图之类的软件。多亏了卫星图像,我们现在可以很容易地通过互联网找到我们房子和环境的最小细节。”由此可知,这篇文章是为了介绍地图的发展和功能。故选D。
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