Participation in sports benefits health, encourages self-discipline, and develops character and teamwork. The positive effects of sport are well-known: improved body system and muscular fitness lower risk of obesity and depression, and an increased life quality. 1.
Here is one-sports addiction. It may sound contradictory, because we usually reserve the word “addiction” for things that are bad for us, such as drug abuse or alcoholism.2.Caused by the release of “happiness hormones(荷尔蒙)” after exercising, you can feel really “high” and be hooked on this feeling, which, like those produced by illegal drugs and alcohol, can be habit-forming.
Sports addiction is not taken seriously by everyone, though.3.Sports addiction is, however, real and harmful.
Sport addicts share many symptoms with other sorts of addicts.4.This is because they don't give them the chance to recover from working out. They have been so addicted to sports that they don't take time to recover from injuries. Chances of heart attacks and passing out increase, so sports addicts can put themselves at serious risk of harm.
5.They become dependent on training for feeling good, and life away from training becomes dull. They can also develop tolerance to the “high”, and so need more and more exercise to get the same result. And when not exercising, they experience withdrawal effects, depression and anxiety.
A.They harm their bodies.
B.It may lead to physical injuries.
C.“There're worse things to be addicted to,” some people disagree.
D.Meanwhile, sport addicts may suffer withdrawal symptoms as well.
E.But there really is a sense in which you can become addicted to exercise.
F.Apart from physical damage, sport addicts suffer psychological damage too.
G.Based on all this good news, one might wonder whether there is any drawback.
Many people avoid apologizing because admitting to wrongdoing makes them uncomfortable. “We like to view ourselves as good people-as kind and considerate,” says Ryan Fehr, a professor at the University of Washington. “Apologies force us to admit to ourselves that we don't always live up to our own standards. We might also fear that the victim won't accept our apology, further damaging our positive sense of self. For these reasons, an apology can be very difficult to give.”
For many, apologizing is stressful, awkward and uncomfortable. But a heartfelt apology has positive effects. It can improve your mental health, repair damaged relationships and promote self-esteem. “Apology acts as a signal of one's moral character,” Fehr says.
Researchers at Ohio State University have determined that effective apologies have five elements: expressing regret, explaining what went wrong, acknowledging responsibility, offering to repair the situation and requesting forgiveness. All five aren't necessary every time. “The more of those elements were included, the more likely the apology was seen as convincing,” says Roy Lewicki, the lead study author. “Acknowledgement of responsibility turned out to be the most important piece, followed by an explanation of why it happened and declaration of regret.”
“Sometimes, an immediate apology is called for,” says Antony Manstead, a psychology professor at Cardiff University. “But if the other party is angry at your wrongdoing, it may be more effective to wait, because their anger may stop them accepting an apology. Some research suggests that a delay increases an apology's effectiveness because it conveys that the wrongdoer has had time to reflect on. his/her misdeeds,” says Mara Olekalns, a professor of management at Melbourne Business School. “The best time to apologize is when one feels ready to sincerely apologize,” says Etienne Mullet, research director of the Ethics and Work Laboratory at the Institute of Advanced Studies. “There is nothing worse in these situations than insincere apologies.”
1.Why do many people feel uncomfortable to apologize?
A.They are kind and considerate people. B.They are afraid of losing face.
C.They believe themselves right. D.They have high moral standards.
2.What is the most important when it comes to making an effective apology?
A.To express regret. B.To express what went wrong.
C.To accept responsibility. D.To request forgiveness.
3.What can be inferred about an apology from the last paragraph?
A.The sooner, the better. B.The later, the better.
C.The more often, the better. D.The more genuine, the better.
4.What is the passage mainly about?
A.How you can make an effective apology. B.Why people avoid apologizing.
C.What benefits you can get from an apology. D.When you can make a heartfelt apology.
A new wave of psychological research is pioneering Virtual Reality (VR) to treat medical conditions from social anxiety to Alzheimer's disease.
Riding a wave of interest in mental health tech, companies creating VR content for treatment are receiving a flood of attention and funding. And, while VR has been used successfully to treat post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) since the 1990s, these new programs address a much broader range of conditions. The library of Palo Alto-based Limbix, for instance, includes VR content designed to treat issues including alcohol addiction and teenage depression. Barcelona-based Psious offers treatments for eating disorders.
Today's VR content is primarily designed to aid exposure treatment, a treatment for anxiety disorders in which patients are exposed to the “threats” they're worried about in a safe, controlled environment, eventually learning that the “threats” are not actually very dangerous. For example, someone who fears heights might visit taller and taller buildings under the guidance of their doctor, while someone with PTSD might revisit painful memories.
VR allows doctors to create a safe and controlled environment inside a VR headset. It's a far safer, quicker and less expensive option. Using VR also gives doctors much more control over the intensity(强度)of their patients' experiences, which can lead to better treatment outcomes, said Stephane Bouchard, a professor at the University of Quebec. VR treatment patients can also do things they couldn't do in the real world. “In one of our studies, we asked patients who are afraid of heights to actually jump from a cliff,” Bouchard said.
However, not all VR treatment content is created equal. “Some companies show videos of VR environments that are incomplete, untested and definitely haven't been tried out by psychologists,” Bouchard said. Clearer rules and standards will make it easier for patients and doctors to identify products that work.
1.What problems can VR be used to treat according to the passage?
A.The fear of heights, blood pressure and eating disorders.
B.Social anxiety, PTSD and alcohol addiction.
C.Alzheimer's disease, heart attack and teenage depression.
D.Sleeping disorders, deafness and computer addiction.
2.What is the main idea of Para 4?
A.The benefits of using VR treatment. B.The principles of using V R treatment.
C.The side effects of using VR treatment. D.The causes of using VR treatment.
3.Which word can be used to describe the future of VR treatment?
A.Passive. B.Uncertain. C.Promising. D.Worrying.
4.What will be most probably discussed in the paragraph following the passage?
A.Wide use of VR treatment. B.Criteria of VR treatment.
C.Problems VR treatment are facing. D.Reasons why VR treatment standards are needed.
Since the age of three, Chelsie Hill had dreamed of becoming a dancer. “The only thing I loved was dance,” she said. In 2010, however, a car accident left her paralyzed from the waist down. For Hill, it was not the end of a dancing career but the beginning.
Hill danced in her wheelchair right alongside her nondisabled high school dance team. It definitely took a lot of learning and patience to dance in a wheelchair.
After graduation, Hill met people online who had suffered various injuries but shared her determination, and she invited them to dance with her. It was an amazing experience for her.
In 2014 Los Angeles, she formed a team of dancers with disabilities she called the Rollettes. “I want to break down the stereotype of wheelchair users and show that dance is dance, whether you’re walking or you’re rolling,” she said. Dancing on wheels, the Rollettes discovered, can be just as fast-paced, artful, and fulfilling as the foot-based variety.
Hill has attained what many people never will: her childhood dream. But the Rollettes have helped her find something else just as fulfilling. Every year she holds a dance camp for wheelchair users of all ages and abilities. She calls it the Rollettes Experience, and in 2019, 173 participants from ten countries attended.
For many, it was the first time they’d felt they belonged. Steph Aiello said that working with Hill challenged her to be more independent. Edna Serrano said being part of the Rollettes team gave her the courage to get behind the wheel of a car because she had more confidence.
The dancers aren’t the only ones feeling inspired. One woman saw the team competing and commented, “You guys are so awesome! I’m in tears when you rock! To be in a wheelchair can still be so beautiful!”
1.What do we know about Chelsie Hill from the first two paragraphs?
A.She got seriously injured in a dancing match.
B.She stopped dancing right after a car accident.
C.She dreamed of being a dancer at a young age.
D.She danced in a disabled team in high school.
2.What does the underlined word “stereotype” in paragraph 4 refer to?
A.Conservative views. B.Improper behaviors.
C.Incurable disabilities. D.Physical weaknesses.
3.What do we know about the Rollettes Experience?
A.Audience spoke ill of the competition. B.Participants benefited greatly from it.
C.It is aimed to select the best dancers. D.It made Hill’s childhood dream fulfilled.
4.What can be a suitable title for the text?
A.Chelsie Hill, An Artful Dancer B.Disability, Good for Dancing
C.Help others; Help Yourself D.Attaining Dancing Dream In Wheelchair
请阅读下面的文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章
Researchers in the Netherlands report that children who get more exercise, whether at school or at other places, tend to have higher scores on standardized tests. In a review of 14 studies that looked at physical activity and academic performance investigators found that the more children moved? the better their grades were in school, particularly in the basic subjects of math, English and reading.
The data will certainly fuel the ongoing debate over whether physical education classes for senior three students should be reduced or even cancelled. The arguments against physical education have included concerns that gym time may be taking away study time. With standardized test scores in the US dropping in recent years, some administrators believe students need to spend more time in the classroom instead of on the playground. But as these findings show, exercise and academics may not be consequently exclusive. Physical activity can improve blood flow to the brain, memory, attention and creativity, which are essential to learning.
（写作内容）
1. 用约3个单词概述上述信息的主要内容；
2. 谈谈你是否赞成“高三学生应该减少体育课时间”，并用2-3个理山或论据支撑你的观点。
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请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。 注意：何个空恪只填1个单词。
NEBOSH IGC
It is a known fact that gas and mining companies tend to encounter evident risks such as fire and chemical exposure. However, this does not mean that other industries are free of health and safety risks. Even those regarded as safe workplaces such as those in IT and education fields can threaten the health and safety of employees. For example, using a computer for more hours than normal can cause muscle problems, spinal cord （脊髓）issues, and tiredness. On the other hand, the employees in the business sector can face tremendous stress ——the modem main cause of several physical and psychological disorders. These facts prove that health and safety dangers exist in any industry. Therefore, it is vital to train the employees in occupational health and safety.
One such course that is designed for the workers of all industries is the NEBOSH IGC in Rawalpindi, Islamabad. Designed by the NEBOSH or National Examination Board in Occupational Safety and Health, the course has become the UK's criterion for health and safety measures. It is suitable for all professionals who need a fundamental understanding of safety and health concerns. A professional can choose to take this course either via an instructor-led classroom or via online e-Learning modules.
Classroom training is best fbr those who prefer face-to-face interaction fbr learning as well as for getting instant feedback from the instructors. These are the people who learn more effectively in the presence of a teacher.
However, most professionals are choosing the online e-Learning course for gaining the NEBOSH IGC in Islamabad, as it has proved more effective and convenient The biggest benefit of online learning is that it is the most flexible way to learn at any time and from anywhere, something that today's busy professionals can do despite their busy schedules.
Another benefit is that the online course is backed by 24/7 support. This helps you to get the desired assistance as well as feedback from online instructors even late at night or early in the morning. Further, because you can access the modules anytime through the Internet, the training happens at your own pace, which is required for effective learning. If you decide to take advantage of the training online, you can expect to invest around 75-80 hours in learning. There is truly no need to join a class or any institution for taking NEBOSH training courses in Rawalpindi, Islamabad. The online NEBOSH courses help you save time and energy while effectively learning the work-related health and safety basics.
NEBOSHIGC | |
Background | Almost all industries, gas and mining companies in 1. , are subject to health and safety risks. Therefore, it is a(n) 2. to get employees 3. in occupational health and safety. |
Typical examples | ★4. to computers for long hours may lead people to suffer from muscle problems and tiredness. ★Those in the business sector feel under great pressure, 5. to disorders in their physical and psychological health. |
Characteristics of the NEBOSH IGC | The NEBOSH IGC has become a method of 6. the health and safety measures in the UK and suitable for all professionals in need of a basic understanding of safety and health concerns. |
7. to studying the NEBOSH IGC | ★Classroom learning is a perfect choice for learners who like to interact face to face with their instructors and get immediate feedbacks. ★ A(n) 8. of professionals have a preference for the online e-Learning course thanks to its 9. which allows them to learn anytime and anywhere at their own speed! ★ The online NEBOSH courses help them learn the work-related health and safely basics 10. and effectively. |
