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For more than 2,000 years the Chinese pe...

    For more than 2,000 years the Chinese people have been guided by the ideals of Confucianism. Its founder and greatest teacher was Confucius, whose humane philosophy also influenced the civilization of all of eastern Asia. Many legends were spread to illustrate Confucius’ beliefs. According to one story, he and his followers passed a cemetery where a woman was weeping at a graveside. She told them she was crying because “my husband’s father was killed here by a tiger, and my husband also, and now my son has met the same fate”. When they asked her why she did not leave such a fatal spot, she answered that in this place there was no oppressive government. “Remember this, my children,” said Confucius, “oppressive government is fiercer and more feared than a tiger”.

In such teaching and with such wise sayings, Confucius tried to bring people a respect for the teachings of the wise men of older generations. He always said of himself that he was a “transmitter, not a maker”. He collected and edited the poetry, the music, and the historical writings of what he considered the golden age.

Confucius laid no claim to being more than a man. Yet when he died he was admired almost as god. Temples were constructed in his honor in every city of China. His grave at Kufow, in what is now Shandong Province, became a place of pilgrimage.

Though Confucianism is commonly called a religion, it is rather a system of moral conduct. Confucius did not talk of God but of goodness. He did not teach about any god, simply saying, “Respect the gods, but have as little to do with them as possible.” His attention was centered on making people better in their lifetime, and his Analects are wise sayings similar to the Proverbs in the Bible.

Confucius is the Latinized form of the philosopher’s Chinese name, which was K’ung-fu-tzu, meaning Master K’ung. He was born in a poor but noble family. His father died when the boy was 3 years old. When he was only 6, people noted his fondness for setting out sacrifices and for ceremony. After his marriage at age 19, he worked for the governor of his district, first a keeper of stores and then as an overseer of parks and livestock. At the age of 22 he began his life as a teacher by establishing a school. He accepted valuable aid from some of his students, but he also welcomed students who could afford to pay only a small fee.

After some years of teaching and travel, he settled in Shandong for 15 years. When he was 52 years old, he was rewarded with an appointment as governor of a province and never failed to win the credit he deserved. He performed his task so well that a neighboring governor became jealous. Later, Confucius traveled around other kingdoms and wandered about for 13 years. Eventually, he returned to his native state of Lu in his 69th year and died three years later.

1.The story of the woman in Para.1 is mentioned to show____.

A.Confucius was creative and sympathetic

B.the government then was fiercer than a tiger

C.Confucius’ beliefs are very popular

D.Confucius often wanted to influence people

2.According to the author, Confucius himself____.

A.was tired of spreading his teachings in his late year.

B.was not interested in reforming the society

C.did not want people to worship him as god

D.showed great disrespect for the noble families

3.What does the underlined sentence in Para.4 mean?

A.Confucianism is different from common religion.

B.God blesses those who show respect and goodness.

C.People are advised to keep a distance from gods.

D.Confucius highlights the importance of virtue.

4.In the eyes of the author, Confucius’ political life____.

A.was highly successful

B.turned out to be a surprise

C.was bound to fail because of his belief

D.was not so important as his teaching life

5.As regards Confucius and his teachings, the tone of the passage is marked with____.

A.objective spirit B.deep admiration

C.great openness D.obvious surprise

 

1.C 2.C 3.D 4.A 5.B 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了儒家文化的创始人孔子的生平和哲学思想。 1.推理判断题。由第一段的Its founder and greatest teacher was Confucius, whose humane philosophy also influenced the civilization of all of eastern Asia. Many legends were spread to illustrate Confucius’ beliefs.可知,它的创始人和最伟大的老师是孔子,他的人文哲学也影响了整个东亚文明。为了说明孔子的信仰,流传了许多传说。由此可知,第1段中提到的女人的故事表明了孔子的信仰是非常受欢迎的。故选C项。 2.细节理解题。由第二段中的He always said of himself that he was a “transmitter, not a maker”.和第三段中的Confucius laid no claim to being more than a man. Yet when he died he was admired almost as god.可知,孔子总是说自己是“传播者,而不是创造者”。孔子并不认为自己比人强。然而,当他去世时,他几乎被尊为神。由此可知,孔子态度谦虚,不希望大家把他当神看。故选C项。 3.词义猜测题。由第四段He did not teach about any god, simply saying, “Respect the gods, but have as little to do with them as possible.” His attention was centered on making people better in their lifetime, and his Analects are wise sayings similar to the Proverbs in the Bible.可知,他没有教导任何神,只是简单地说:“尊重神,但尽可能少地与神来往。”他的注意力集中在使人们生活得更好,他的《论语》是明智的言论,类似于圣经中的谚语。由此可知,划线句子Confucius did not talk of God but of goodness.(孔子谈论的不是神,而是善)说明孔子强调美德的重要性。故选D项。 4.推理判断题。由最后一段的He performed his task so well that a neighboring governor became jealous.可知,他把工作做得如此出色,以致邻居们的州长都嫉妒了。由此可知,孔子的政治生活很成功。故选A项。 5.推理判断题。通过第一段的Its founder and greatest teacher was Confucius, whose humane philosophy also influenced the civilization of all of eastern Asia.(它的创始人和最伟大的老师是孔子,他的人文哲学也影响了整个东亚文明)及第二段的In such teaching and with such wise sayings, Confucius tried to bring people a respect for the teachings of the wise men of older generations. (在这样的教导和明智的言论,孔子试图让人们尊重老一代的智者的教导)和其它段落推断出,作者在文中以赞赏的口吻介绍了孔子。故选B项。
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1.What is troubling the Chicago school districts?

A.People in unrelated areas find jobs in school teaching.

B.Quality of regular and sub teachers needs improving.

C.Students suffer greatly from unprofessional teachers.

D.Chicago area is in bad need of qualified sub teachers.

2.From the second paragraph, we learn____.

A.the sub crunches before were not as bad as the present ones

B.many principals quit their jobs as they can’ t handle the situation

C.police officers are sent to the high-crime areas to keep order

D.six out of ten substitute teachers come from college campuses

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A.are most effective in mending the situation B.are detested by most parents

C.are resisted by most students D.do not efficiently meet the situation

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A.Many certified teachers quit their teaching positions for other professions.

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D.Many teachers retire earlier from their positions than they should.

 

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A.Approximately $129,300 B.Approximately $140,300

C.Approximately $217,300 D.Approximately $228,300

2.For whom do Americans take student loans according to the passage?

A.Children. B.Grandparents.

C.The government. D.Themselves or kids.

3.Which of the following is NOT a reason why it is difficult for Americans to pay off student loans?

A.The banks are too greedy. B.They easily become ill.

C.Some have to attend school. D.Their work time is reduced.

4.Which of the following is the best title of the passage?

A.Student Loan Cannot Be Paid in America

B.The Government Should Reduce Student Loan

C.Retirees Shoulder a Bigger Share of Student Debt

D.Student Debt is the Biggest Trouble in America

 

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1.What has Cardi B denied?

A.She has denied a coming tour. B.She has denied being pregnant.

C.She has denied her getting fat. D.She has denied getting divorced.

2.How many sons does Bass probably have NOW?

A.One. B.Two. C.Three. D.Four.

 

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16.A.predictably B.psychologically C.primitively D.potentially

17.A.alone B.abnormal C.absent D.absurd

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—You know how much I am missing the days before the outbreak of the coronavirus.

—School, movies, gatherings, ________. We’ll soon be back on track.

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