Children experience advertising in many forms — on TV, radio, magazines, newspapers, movies, the Internet, text messages, social media and more. And advertising works on children. For example, the more TV a child watches, the more toys that child is likely to want and ask for. This is why it's important for children to learn that advertisements are trying to make people purchase something. And advertisers always aim to make their products look good, perhaps even better than they really are.
Advertising affects children in different ways. How children think of advertising can depend on several things, including their age, what they know or have experienced.
At 0-2 years, children can't tell the difference between advertising and actual programs.
At 3-6 years, children can recognize advertisements and tell them from programs, but they don't understand that ads are trying to sell something. And they are likely to think of advertisements as being funny.
At 7-11 years, when children go to primary school, they can understand that advertisements are trying to sell them something, remember advertising messages and recognize some advertising techniques (策略) like advertisements overstating (夸大) how good products are. However, they might not always understand that products aren't as good as advertisements say they are, or that advertisers might not be telling them any of the products' bad points.
To limit the effects of advertising on school-age children, the most important thing parents can do is talk about advertisements and encourage their children to think about what they're trying to do.
It's a good idea to focus on the advertisements that a child sees most often. For example, parents can get their children thinking and developing a questioning attitude. In other words, what's the product in this advertisement? What is it for? Who is it for?
They can also ask their children about the techniques that are being used to sell a product. This can help them work out how an advertisement makes its product look good.
1.What does the underlined word "purchase" in Paragraph I mean?
A.Watch. B.Say.
C.Buy. D.Discuss.
2.What do children aged 0-2 think of advertisements?
A.They are pretty funny. B.They are trying to sell toys.
C.They are being shown in many ways. D.They are no different from other programs.
3.At what age can children know advertisements are not telling the truth?
A.2. B.3.
C.5. D.8.
4.How can parents limit the influence of advertising on their children?
A.By guiding them to see through advertisements.
B.By teaching them how to run advertisements.
C.By buying advertised products and comparing them.
D.By talking about the most successful advertisements.
While most 4-year-olds are making mud pies or selling lemonade, Austin Perine of Birmingham, Alabama decided to go one step further. With his red cape (披肩) covering his shoulders, Austin Perine feeds the hungry and the homeless population throughout the city in an effort to "show love" to those who need "food and smiles." "Show love", according to Austin, has become his superhero motto. His superhero name? President Austin, of course.
Austin's father, TJ Perine, told CNN that Austin has always been compassionate (有同情心的)，as he acts like a "little dad" for his brother, Taylor. However, it wasn't until Austin learned that people are experiencing homelessness that he decided to share what he has with the rest of his community. TJ noted that Austin's first knowledge about homelessness came after watching a nature documentary about a baby panda on television.
"Austin and I were watching an animal show and there was a mother panda that was leaving her baby," TJ said. "Austin began to get concerned, and I told him that the baby panda would be homeless."
To better teach his son about homelessness, TJ took the young boy to the city shelter, at which point Austin asked, "Can we feed them?" In response, TJ took Austin to Burger King where he enthusiastically volunteered to pay for the chicken sandwiches using his weekly pocket money,
thereby (因此) giving up new toys that week.
Austin and his father have plans to expand their community outreach (延伸) efforts so they can also fight homelessness at its roots. They have also started a GoFundMe as part of their Show Love Foundation.
"We've gotten a lot of support from the country, and what we want to do is expand and do from more than just giving out sandwiches," TJ told CNN, saying that, finally, he and Austin hope to build a service center that deals with the many causes and symptoms of homelessness. "Mental illness, drug abuse, addiction, and things like that," he said. "Austin and I want to build a service center and get some specialists in there that can actually help these people get back into the workforce (劳动力)."
1.From Paragraph I, we can learn that Austin .
A.likes watching superhero movies B.feels sorry for the homeless
C.used to enjoy making mud pies best D.frequently makes lemonade for the poor
2.How did Austin feel after he saw the nature documentary about pandas?
A.Worried. B.Excited.
C.Ashamed. D.Regretful.
3.What did Austin do in Burger King?
A.He visited the homeless baby panda.
B.He used up his pocket money for charity.
C.He bought new toys for his brother.
D.He ate chicken sandwiches with TJ.
4.Which of the following is NOT true about TJ and Austin?
A.They want to do more to help.
B.They win support from the government.
C.They'll help the homeless become employed.
D.They'll help cure physical illnesses.
Going out guide
FEB.21
Released (发行) in December, "Kimberly: The People I Used to know" is the latest from R&B singer-songwriter K. Michelle, who rose to popularity through the VH I docus-series "Love & Hip Hop." The singer has been praised for her honesty on tracks like "Kim K," which addresses cultural appropriation. 8 p.m. Feb. 21. The Fillmore Silver Spring, 8656 Coiesvilie Rd., Silver Spring, Md. 301-960-9999. filbnoresilverspring.com. $58-$121.
FEB.22-25
The Architecture & Design Film Festival presents nearly 20 films over four days in its D.C.run. Movies explore topics such as design for social change and the lives of architects and designers including Charles and Ray Eames, Dries Van Noten and Bjarke Ingels. Some screenings will include discussions. Feb. 22-25. National Building Museum, 401 F St. NW. 202-272-2448. nbm.org. $15 per screening,$10 students,$125 all-access pass.
THROUGH MARCH 10
Interior (室内的) designers will draw inspiration from Marjorie Merriweather Post's lively tablescapes (桌面景观) to exhibit table settings of the past in Hillwood's dining room. Through March 10. Hillwood Estate, Museum&Gardens, 4155 Linnean Ave. NW. 202-686-5807. hillwoodmuseum.org. $18 seniors,$10 college students, $5 ages 6 to 18, free for children younger than 6.
MARCH 22-25
The musical staged by WSC Avant Bard returns. The production is about mythical (神话的) Greek king Oedipus nearing his death. March 22 through March 25. Gunston Arts Center, Theatre Two, 2700 S. Lang St, Arlington. 703-418-4808. wscavantbard.org. $10-$35.
1.Which number can one call if he or she wants to enjoy some pop music?
A.301-960-9999. B.202-272-2448.
C.202-686-5807. D.703-418-4808.
2.What can one do at the Architecture & Design Film Festival?
A.Enjoy a fashion design show. B.Meet some film stars in person.
C.Listen to a lecture about architecture. D.Learn about the lives of some designers.
3.Where can one learn about Oedipus?
A.At Gunston Arts Center. B.At National Building Museum.
C.At the Fillmore Silver Spring. D.At Hillwood Estate, Museum & Gardens.
As recently as 15 years ago, if you wanted to catch up on the news, you could look at a handful of publications or a few nightly programs. And if you wanted to listen to music, you could turn on MTV or fiddle with your radio. People in major cities had more options, because a large population can support specialty shops. 1..
Today, as we all know, access to information has exploded. One consequence, according to Toure, a cultural critic writing in Salon, is that the ability of pop culture to unify us-- he refers to the massive interest in Michael Jackson’s Thriller, or Nirvana’s Nevermind--has been eroded, probably forever. Steven Hyden, also writing in Salon, counters that whatever the advantages and disadvantages of a centralized pop-culture authority, the monoculture never actually existed.
2. Even when it supposedly existed, its content largely depended on other characteristics of your little corner of the world. In the 1992-1993 school year, I was a student at a multiracial and relatively urban junior high school in California’s central valley. We listened to Salt-n-Pepa, Snoop Doggy Dogg, and Kris Kross, with the latter having inspired a trend in which kids wore their clothes backwards. The next year I was enrolled in a mostly white junior high school in leafy Chiago suburb. One of the houses was famous for having appeared in the 1990 film “Home Alone”; the popular bands were Nirvana, Hole and the Smashing Pumpkins; and the biggest pop-cultural event of the school year was Kurt Cobain’s suicide.
But Toure’s point is about the virtues of common cultural experience. It seems he is recalling centralized media only in so far as it’s a distribution system that fostered ( 促进) that outcome.
3. It doesn’t matter whether a record is released by an important label or an indie ( 独立制片人); if it’s online, people can usually find, forward, share and promote it. But what’s interesting and perhaps surprising, given that both Toure and Mr Hyden seem to agree that the old distribution favored big media, is that we still have widely shared cultural experiences. Just think of Barack Obama doing the little hand gesture from Beyonce’s “Single Ladies ” video.
4.. It’s safe to say that the monoculture never really existed, and that some artists still reach a wide audience, whether we like it or not.
A.That suggests that we like pop culture partly because it’s a shared experience, regardless of quality.
B.However, in vast areas of the world you had to work to get outside the mainstream.
C.Whether you like it or not, “monoculture” is here with us.
D.I think Mr Hyden is correct that the concept of a “monoculture” is a bit of a myth.
E.They see globalization as being the spread of a monoculture, based on western values, which is killing the cultural diversity of the world.
F.And it’s true that the ways we now consume pop culture to some extent level the playing field.
The case for college has been accepted without question for more than a generation. A school graduates ought to go, says conventional wisdom and statistical evidence, because college will help them earn more money, become “better” people, and learn to be more responsible citizens than those who don't go.
But college has never been able to work its magic for everyone. And now that close to half our high school graduates are attending, those who don't fit the pattern are becoming more numerous, and more obvious. College graduates are selling shoes and driving taxis; college students interfere with each other's experiments and write false letters of recommendation in the intense competition for admission to graduate school. Other find no stimulation in their studies, and drop out-often encouraged by college administrators.
Some observers say the fault is with the young people themselves-they are spoiled and they are expecting too much. But that is a condemnation of the students as a whole, and doesn't explain all campus unhappiness. Others blame the state of the world, and they are partly right. We have been told that young people have to go to college because our economy can't absorb an army of untrained eighteen-year-olds. But disappointed graduates are learning that it can no longer absorb an army of trained twenty-two-year-olds, either.
Some adventuresome educators and watchers have openly begun to suggest that college may not be the best, the proper, the only place for every young person after the completion of high school. We may have been looking at all those surveys and statistics upside down, it seems, and through the rosy glow of our own remembered college experiences. Perhaps college doesn't make people intelligent, ambitious, happy, liberal, or quick to learn things-may it is just the other way around, and intelligent, ambitious, happy, liberal, quick-learning people are merely the ones who have been attracted to college in the first place. And perhaps all those successful college graduates would have been successful whether they had gone to college or not. This is heresy (离经叛道的想法 ) to those of us who have been brought up to believe that if a little schooling is good, more has to be much better.
But contrary evidence is beginning to mount up.
1.According to the author, ________.
A.people used to question the value of college education
B.people used to have full confidence in higher education
C.all high school graduates went to college
D.very few high school graduates chose to go to college
2.In the 2nd paragraph, "those who don't fit the pattern" refer to ________.
A.high school graduates who aren't suitable for college education.
B.college graduates who are selling shoes and driving taxis.
C.college students who aren't any better for their higher education
D.high school graduates who failed to be admitted to college.
3.According to the passage, the problems of college education partly originate in the fact that ________.
A.society cannot provide enough jobs for properly trained graduates.
B.high school graduates do not fit the pattern of college education.
C.too many students have to earn their own living.
D.college administrators encourage students to drop out.
4.In this passage the author argues that ________.
A.more and more evidence shows college education may not be the best thing for high school graduates
B.college education is not enough if one wants to be successful
C.college education benefits only the intelligent, ambitious, and quick-learning people
D.intelligent people may learn quicker if they don't go to college
Non-Native Species
The introduction of non-native “exotic” species is now seen as a major threat to biodiversity. In 1825, a particularly vigorous female clone of itadori (called Japanese knotweed) was introduced into Holland and later _______ throughout Europe by the plant collector and nurseryman (园丁), Von Seybold. British gardeners loved it and by 1886 it was even found growing on cinder tips in South Wales. By the turn of the century, the plant had _______ many other sites, and gardeners were advised against planting it in shrubberies. By 1994, it was almost everywhere-railways, riversides, hedgerows, cemeteries - swamping a wide range of habitats and displacing _______ species. Botanists’ fears that the plant is still spreading and may yet colonize other new habitats have generated recent attempts to eradicate it by mechanical and chemical methods, all _______ as yet.
The evidence stacked against Japanese knotweed is damning (足以定罪的). But there is a deep
_______ that behind the desire to correct human ecological cook-ups (策划)- often manifested as a passion to save endangered species and vulnerable ecosystems - is a thinly disguised xenophobia (仇外心理); that we are simply seeing yet another form of ecological imperialism (帝国主义) which defines what is “natural” based on human _______
But whatever our reaction to “problem” or alien species is, it must _______ moral decisions. And who should make such decisions and to what _______ they are accountable must also be up for review. The conclusions of scientists and other sections of society may differ _______ about what to do about the introduced animals and plants. ________ the scheme to control rabbits in Australia by deliberately spreading the disease myxomatosis was a success in that huge numbers of rabbits were wiped out for the greater good - the “health” of Australian ecosystems. But would inflicting (使遭受) such a ________ slow painful death on sentient (有感知能力的) creatures win popular support if it were proposed today?
Scientists of ________ are by their very nature concerned with the organization of species into systems and not necessarily with the interests and well-being of ________, particularly those that are seen as a threat to the maintenance of those systems. Yet there is a growing feeling for the democratization of decisions concerning nonhuman life. The ________ towards environmental values must surely involve a movement away from imperialism and a search for a relationship with nature as it truly is, rather than as we would design it. Then, when our ________ has/have long disappeared, we may yet come to honor the humble itadori.
1.A.distributed B.seen C.found D.appreciated
2.A.attached B.attracted C.colonized D.settled
3.A.rare B.abnormal C.normal D.extinct
4.A.in turn B.in vain C.in need D.in all
5.A.delight B.astonishment C.dissatisfaction D.anxiety
6.A.protection B.system C.preferences D.invasion
7.A.exclude B.involve C.object D.eliminate
8.A.scope B.intention C.extent D.respect
9.A.similarly B.intensively C.slightly D.vastly
10.A.In fact B.In other words C.For instance D.In conclusion
11.A.interestingly B.instructively C.thrillingly D.horrifically
12.A.biodiversity B.naturalism C.botany D.species
13.A.naturalists B.regions C.environments D.individuals
14.A.demonstration B.parade C.celebration D.campaign
15.A.planet B.lawns C.universe D.habitats
