For many Daylight Saving Time (DST:夏令时) simply means remembering to change the clocks and twisting your sleep schedule. “Even though the time change is only an hour, it is something that causes much more destruction than people believe,” said Dr. John Sharp, a psychologist and psychiatrist at Beth-Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston. “It’s not just an extra hour of sleep; it’s more of a fast-forward into winter.”
With days getting darker earlier, Sharp suggests making a to-do list for activities after work ahead of time. “Any plans you have, say, going to the gym after work, require much more effort and determination. It’s much better to plan more carefully and not just rely on how you feel, especially when it is dark out,” he said. “Figure it out in advance and stick with the plan.”
In addition. Sharp says in the weeks after Daylight Saving, some may feel like they have a bigger appetite. “Eating more during this time is not the answer. People need to stay on an eating schedule and keep up healthy habits. ”
However, Sharp said there are ways to better acclimate yourself to the time change. If you are having trouble sleeping, he suggests taking some melatonin (退黑激素) in the evening. In contrast, if you find yourself feeling sleepy. Sharp said there is nothing wrong with adding an extra caffeinated drink during your day.
A word to the wise? One sure way to better adjust to the time change is to start going to bed 15 minutes earlier starting four days before Daylight Saving, adding an additional 15 minutes each night.
1.Which is probably the best title for the passage?
A.Are you prepared for DST? B.Why DST was introduced?
C.What DST has brought to life? D.How DST has been popular?
2.What does John Sharp suggest in Paragraph 2?
A.Getting up earlier than before. B.Sticking to the daily routine.
C.Being aware of quality sleep. D.Getting well-prepared for DST.
3.The underlined word “acclimate” in Paragraph 4 can be replaced by______.
A.adopt B.accelerate
C.adapt D.acknowledge
4.The passage is probably taken from______.
A.a scientific report B.an interview
C.a speech D.a statement
If a diver surfaces too quickly, he may suffer the bends. Nitrogen(氮) dissolved(溶解) in his blood is suddenly liberated by the reduction of pressure. The consequence, if the bubbles (气泡)accumulate in a joint, is sharp pain and a bent body—thus the name. If the bubbles form in his lungs or his brain, the consequence can be death.
Other air-breathing animals also suffer this decompression(减压) sickness if they surface too fast: whales, for example. And so, long ago, did ichthyosaurs. That these ancient sea animals got the bends can be seen from their bones. If bubbles of nitrogen form inside the bone they can cut off its blood supply. This kills the cells in the bone, and consequently weakens it, sometimes to the point of collapse. Fossil (化石)bones that have caved in on them selves are thus a sign that the animal once had the bends.
Bruce Rothschild of the University of Kansas knew all this when he began a study of ichthyosaur bones to find out how widespread the problem was in the past. What he particularly wanted to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of decompression over the 150 million years. To this end, he and his colleagues traveled the world’s natural-history museums, looking at hundreds of ichthyosaurs from the Triassic period and from the later Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.
When he started, he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger fossils, reflecting their gradual evolution of measures to deal with decompression. Instead, he was astonished to discover the opposite. More than 15% of Jurassic and Cretaceous ichthyosaurs had suffered the bends before they died, but not a single Triassic specimen(标本) showed evidence of that sort of injury.
If ichthyosaurs did evolve an anti-decompression means, they clearly did so quickly—and, most strangely, they lost it afterwards. But that is not what Dr Rothschild thinks happened. He suspects it was evolution in other animals that caused the change.
Whales that suffer the bends often do so because they have surfaced to escape a predator (捕食动物) such as a large shark. One of the features of Jurassic oceans was an abundance of large sharks and crocodiles, both of which were fond of ichthyosaur lunches. Triassic oceans, by contrast, were mercifully shark- and crocodile-free. In the Triassic, then, ichthyosaurs were top of the food chain. In the Jurassic and Cretaceous, they were prey(猎物) as well as predator—and often had to make a speedy exit as a result.
1.Which of the following is a typical symptom of the bends?
A.A twisted body. B.A gradual decrease in blood supply.
C.A sudden release of nitrogen in blood. D.A drop in blood pressure.
2.The purpose of Rothschild’s study is to see________ .
A.how often ichthyosaurs caught the bends B.how ichthyosaurs adapted to decompression
C.why ichthyosaurs bent their bodies D.when ichthyosaurs broke their bones
3.Rothschild’s finding stated in Paragraph 4________ ..
A.confirmed his assumption B.speeded up his research process
C.disagreed with his assumption D.changed his research objectives
4.Rothschild might have concluded that ichthyosaurs ________ .
A.failed to evolve an anti decompression means
B.gradually developed measures against the bends
C.died out because of large sharks and crocodiles
D.evolved an anti decompression means but soon lost it
When you hear the word “birthmark”, you probably think of one of those black or brown spots that you have on your body. For me, it’s different―I have them on my lips and inside my mouth. I’m used to being asked, “What are those black marks on your lips?” When I tell people they’re birthmarks, they usually say, “That’s strange.” I used to consider them ugly. However, my mom calls them beauty marks.
In pictures, I used to hide my birthmarks by pursing (噘起) my lips so I wouldn’t ave to deal with people’ s questions, As I was growing up, people wore me out with them. Some people would ask me the same questions even before knowing my name. In society I feel like we judge people by their looks before their personality.
My birthmarks are caused by a genetic condition from my mom’s side of the family, My mom’s mom has birthmarks on her lips, and my mom’s uncle and my uncle have some on their bodies. Every year I plan to have procedure to remove them. But when imagining the process, I always get nervous and give up.
My cousin faces a similar challenge. She has a huge birthmark that takes up her whole arm. She’s never tried to hide it or change her appearance. Once, her grandmother told her that the birthmark looked extremely prominent and suggested that she should wear long sleeves more often. If my cousin had actually taken that suggestion, she wouldn’t be such a person as she is.
Inspired by my cousin, I am finally accepting who I am and now I don’t hesitate when someone asks me about them either. I say, “They’re beauty marks” and smile without pursing my lips.
1.How did the author feel when asked about the birthmarks?
A.She felt excited to show her difference.
B.She felt annoyed to give others an answer.
C.She was scared to be made fun of by people.
D.She was bored to be faced with the question.
2.Who has the similar birthmarks like the author?
A.Her mother. B.Her grandmother.
C.Her cousin. D.Her uncle.
3.What can be inferred about the author’s cousin?
A.She dislikes talking about her birthmark.
B.She never judges others by their looks.
C.She is more confident than the author.
D.She has taken her grandma’s suggestion.
4.What does the underlined word “prominent” in paragraph 4 mean?
A.Brilliant. B.Symbolic.
C.Harmful. D.Impressive.
Los Angeles is always a popular holiday destination. To fully enjoy your travel there, you should know its food, weather, and also traffic. While driving in L. A. is similar to that in other areas, there are a few specific rules to note.
HOV lanes (车道)
On many L. A. freeways, one or more lanes at the far left are used as high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes. They usually have limited access and you can only enter or exit where there is a break in the double yellow line. Most HOV lanes require a minimum of two people in the car; some require three. Vehicles towing trailers (拖车) are NOT allowed in the HOV lane, regardless of how many people are in them.
Toll (收费) lanes
On certain freeways, the HOV lanes are double-purposed as toll lanes for people driving alone who have a FasTrak, an electronic toll collection system. Therefore, you also have to have one in that lane as a HOV, which is inconvenient if you’re just visiting. FasTrak is in effect on parts of the 110 freeway between the 405 and 10 freeways, and on parts of the 10 freeway east of Downtown L. A.
Cell phones
It is against the law to talk on a cell phone while driving without using a hands-free device. Holding a cell phone to your ear while driving will land you with a ticket.
Alcohol
Driving under the influence is taken seriously in L.A. The legal blood alcohol limit is 0.08%, but you can be charged with lower levels if they show you can’t function normally. Placing an opened bottle of alcohol in the passenger area while driving (or sitting) is illegal. Any opened container of alcohol has to be transported in the trunk.
1.What do you know about HOV lanes?
A.They encourage people to share cars.
B.They are on the far right of freeways.
C.They are intended for larger vehicles.
D.They allow cars to enter over the double yellow line.
2.Which is surely against the road rules in L. A.?
A.Driving on the 110 freeway with a FasTrak.
B.Putting the cell phone in the car while driving.
C.Riding with an opened bottle of alcohol in back seats.
D.Going below the blood alcohol limit of 0. 08%.
3.Where is the text most probably taken from?
A.A traffic law. B.A road map.
C.A guidebook. D.A report.
阅读下面短文, 根据内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。
Alipay Ant Forest has been awarded the United Nation’s highest environmental honor - the ''U.N. Champions of the Earth'' award. The statement was issued by UNEP(联合国环境计划署) on September 20.
The Ant Forest was started in the Alipay app in August 2016. It encourages users to adopt low-carbon activities - such as paying online and walking or taking buses to work instead of driving. Such behavior produces virtual ''green energy points. '' With enough energy points, users can grow a virtual(虚拟的) ''tree'' on their mobile phone. Then the virtual tree is planted by Alipay in areas that need reforesting.
By August 2019, Alipay Ant Forest has attracted over 500 million users. Their low-carbon behavior has resulted in 122 million trees in arid areas in China, including regions in Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Qinghai and Shanxi. The influence has also traveled beyond China. Inspired by Alipay Ant Forest, the Philippines' leading mobile wallet service GCash added GCash Forest to its App in June 2019. Local users are encouraged to contribute to reforestation and environmental protection by adopting low-carbon activities in their daily lives.
''Alipay Ant Forest shows how technology can change our world, '' said Inger Andersen, Executive Director of the UNEP. ''Although the environmental challenges we face are disappointing, we have the technology and the knowledge to defeat them. '' she said.
Champions of the Earth is the U.N. 's flagship global environmental award. It was established in 2005 to recognize outstanding figures that have had a positive effect on the environment.
''We are truly honored to receive this Champions of the Earth award,'' said Eric Jing, Chairman and CEO of Ant Financial. ''Alipay Ant Forest reflects our belief that technology can and should be used for social good. Its popularity shows that the public is ready to take action to fight climate change, '' he said.
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假设你是李华。你校英语俱乐部将举办课本剧展演, 你将在” The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn”中扮演Huck，在准备过程中你遇到一些问题。请你给美国笔友 Paul 写一封 80 词左右的E-mail，向他征求建议。
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