The National Academy of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine offers awards for highly qualified candidates including recent doctoral recipients (接受者) and senior researchers. Applications are accepted during four annual review cycles (with deadlines of May 1, August 1, November 1, and February 1).
Awardees have the opportunity to:
●devote full-time effort to research and publication
●access the excellent and often unique facilities of the federal research enterprise
●cooperate with leading scientists and engineers at the sponsoring laboratories
Benefits of an NRC Research Associateship award include:
●1 year awards, renewable for up to 3 years
●allowances ranging from $ 45,000 to $ 80,000, higher for senior researchers
●Health insurance, moving benefits, and a professional travel allowance
Desired skills and experience:
Applicants should hold an earned doctorate in science or engineering. Degrees from universities abroad should be equal to a degree from a U. S. institution. Some awards are open to foreign nationals as well as to U. S. citizens and permanent residents.
About the employer:
The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's Fellowships Office has managed the NRC Research Associateship Programs in cooperation with federal laboratories and other research organizations since 1954. Through national competitions, the Fellowships Office recommends and makes awards to outstanding postdoctoral and senior scientists and engineers for tenure (终身聘用) as guest researchers at participating laboratories. A limited number of opportunities are available for support of graduate students in select fields.
1.How long does a review cycle last?
A.Four years. B.Four months.
C.Three years. D.Three months.
2.What can the candidate do once awarded?
A.Renew the award for another three years.
B.Do medical research in federal laboratories.
C.Invent unique facilities for the federal lab.
D.Work with leading researchers at the sponsoring laboratories.
3.What is the purpose of the last part of the text?
A.To search for partners.
B.To encourage studies on science.
C.To attract highly qualified candidates.
D.To advertise a research institution.
假定你是李津，你的美国笔友Chris来信向你了解“中医”的有关情况。请根据以下提示给他写一封回信。
(1) “中医”有着悠久的历史，经过了数千年的实践和发展；
(2) “中医”也是一门科学，它的优点正得到越来越广泛的认可；
(3) 你自己对“中医”的看法。
注意：(1)词数不少于 100；
(2)可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯；
(3)开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：“中医” Traditional Chinese Medicine（TCM）
Dear Chris,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Jin
阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
Papa, as a son of a dirt-poor farmer, left school early and went to work in a factory, for education was for the rich then. So, he was determined that none of his children would be denied (拒绝) an education.
Thus, Papa insisted that we learn at least one new thing each day. And dinner time seemed perfect for sharing what we had learned. We would talk about the news of the day; no matter how insignificant, it was never taken lightly. Papa would listen carefully and was ready with some comment, always to the point.
Then came the moment—the time to share the day’s new learning.
Papa, at the head of the table, would push back his chair and pour a glass of red wine, ready to listen. “Felice,” he’d say, “tell me what you learned today.”
“I learned that the population of Nepal is ....” Silence.
Papa was thinking about what was said, as if the salvation (拯救) of the world would depend upon it.
“The population of Nepal. Hmm. Well….” he’d say. “Get the map; let’s see where Nepal is.” And the whole family went on a search for Nepal.
This same experience was repeated until each family member had a turn. Dinner ended only after we had a clear understanding of at least half a dozen such facts.
As children, we thought very little about these educational wonders. Our family, however, was growing together, sharing experiences and participating in one another’s education. And by looking at us, listening to us, respecting our input, affirming (肯定) our value, giving us a sense of dignity, Papa was unquestionably our most influential teacher.
Later during my training as a future teacher, I studied with some of the most famous educators. They were imparting (传授) what Papa had known all along—the value of continual learning. His technique has served me well all my life.
1.What did the author’s father think of his children’s education? (no more than 10 words)
2.What does the underlined word “it” in the second paragraph refer to? (no more than 2 words)
3.What did the author and his papa talk about at dinner time? (no more than 15 words)
4.What has served the author well all his life? (no more than 8 words)
5.What do you think of the author’s father? (no more than 15 words)
When Andrea Peterson landed her first teaching job，she faced the daunting task of creating a music program with almost no money for equipment or supplies in a climate where standardbased learning was the focus and music just provided a break for students and teachers.
For her drive and creativity in overcoming those challenges，she’s been named national teacher of the year.
Principal Waynes Kettler said he had worked with many outstanding teachers in his 22 years as an educator，but Peterson is “just that one step above anybody I’ve ever worked with before”．
Kettler and others at Monte Cristo Elementary School talk about the ways she has introduced the learning from other classrooms into her music program and her creativity in working around things such as the lack of money for new music.
When students were reading S．E.Hinton’s novel The Outsiders in their regular classroom，Peterson helped them write a 30minute play with scenes from the book.Then they chose three Broadway tunes that focused on race，equality and social justice，the themes of the book.Peterson composed two other songs by herself after classroom discussions about the play and the book.
The honor means a lot to residents of Granite Falls.It’s inspiring to know that people from small towns can even win national honors.
As national teacher of the year，Peterson will spend the next year outside the classroom，as a national and international spokeswoman for education.
Not surprisingly，she is a big believer in the value of arts education.She said it’s essential for schools to offer classes such as art，music and physical education because for some kids one of those subjects is the only thing that motivates them to come back to school day after day.
1.The underlined word “daunting” in Paragraph 1 most probably means________.
A. discouraging B. interesting
C. creative D. unbearable
2.What is the most important reason that Peterson won the award?
A. She concerned herself with current social problems.
B. She motivated students to learn music with her creativity.
C. She has taught music at the elementary school for 22 years.
D. She made great efforts to arouse students’ interest in literature.
3.Which of the following is an example of Peterson’s way of teaching music?
A. She wrote plays on themes of race，equality and social justice.
B. She made use of the contents of other classes in her teaching.
C. She organized classroom discussions of Broadway tunes.
D. She helped students compose songs by themselves.
4.In Peterson’s opinion，________.
A. art，music and PE classes are all important
B. more subjects should be offered to students
C. students should be motivated to attend art classes
D. arts education is more important than other subjects
5.It can be inferred from the text that________.
A. Peterson’s honor was a surprise for the local people
B. Peterson’s art classes attracted students back to school
C. Peterson aroused the local residents’ passion for music
D. Peterson will change her profession next year
C
Napoleon, as a character in Tolstoy’sWar and Peace, is more than once described as having “fat little hands.’’ Nor does he “sit well or firmly on the horse.’’ He is said to be “undersized.’’ with“short legs’’ and a “round stomach”. The issue here is not the accuracy of Tolstoy’s description--it seems not that far off from historical accounts but his choice of facts：other things that could be said of the man are not said. We are meant to understand the difference of a warring commander in the body of a fat little Frenchman. Tolstoy’s Napoleon could be any man wandering in the streets and putting a little of powdered tobacco up his nose—and that is the point.
It is a way the novelist uses to show the moral nature of a character. And it turns out that, as Tolstoy has it, Napoleon is a crazy man. In a scene in Book Three ofWar and Peace, the wars having reached the critical year of 1812,Napoleon receives a representative from the Tsar(沙皇), who has come with peace terms. Napoleon is very angry：doesn’t he have more army? He, not the Tsar, is the one to make the terms. He will destroy all of Europe if his army is stopped. “That is what you will have gained by engaging me in the war!” he shouts. And then, Tolstoy writes, Napoleon “walked silently several times up and down the room, his fat shoulders moving quickly.’’
Still later, after reviewing his army amid cheering crowds, Napoleon invites the shaken Russian to dinner. “He raised his hand to the Russian’s…face,” Tolstoy writes, and “taking him by the ear pulled it gently….” To have one’s ear pulled by the Emperor was considered the greatest honor and mark of favor at the French court. “Well, well, why don’t you say anything?’’ said he, as if it was ridiculous in his presence to respect any one but himself, Napoleon.
Tolstoy did his research, but the composition is his own.
1.Tolstoy’s description of Napoleon in War and Peaceis _________.
A.far from the historical facts B.based on the Russian history
C.based on his selection of facts D.not related to historical details
2.Napoleon was angry when receiving the Russian representative because _________.
A.he thought he should be the one to make the peace terms
B.the Tsar's peace terms were hard to accept
C.the Russians stopped his military movement
D.he didn’t have any more army to fight with
3.What did Napoleon expect the Russian representative to do?
A.To walk out of the room in anger. B.To show agreement with him.
C.To say something about the Tsar. D.To express his admiration.
4.Tolstoy intended to present Napoleon as a man who is _________.
A.ill-mannered in dealing with foreign guests B.fond of showing off his iron will
C.determined in destroying all of Europe D.crazy for power and respect
5.What does the last sentence of the passage imply?
A.A writer doesn’t have to be faithful to his findings.
B.A writer may write about a hero in his own way.
C.A writer may not be responsible for what he writes.
D.A writer has hardly any freedom to show his feelings.
When John was growing up, other kids felt sorry for him. His parents always had him weeding the garden, carrying out the garbage and delivering newspapers. But when John reached adulthood, he was better off than his childhood playmates. He had more job satisfaction, a better marriage and was healthier. Most of all, he was happier. Far happier.
These are the findings of a 40-year study that followed the lives of 456 teenage boys from Boston. The study showed that those who had worked as boys enjoyed happier and more productive lives than those who had not. ＂Boys who worked in the home or community gained competence(能力) and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society,＂ said George Vaillant, the psychologist(心理学家) who made the discovery. ＂And because they felt good about themselves, others felt good about them.＂
Vaillant’s study followed these males in great detail. Interviews were repeated at ages 25,31 and 47. Under Vaillant, the researchers compared the men’s mental-health scores with their boyhood-activity scores. Points were awarded for part-time jobs, housework, effort in school, and ability to deal with problems.
The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp. Those who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people, five times as likely to be well paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed. The researchers also found that IQ and family social and economic class made no real difference in how the boys turned out.
Working — at any age — is important. Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility, independence, confidence and competence — the underpinnings(基础) of emotional health. They also help him understand that people must cooperate and work toward common goals. The most competent adults are those who know how to do this. Yet work isn’t everything. As Tolstoy once said, ＂One can live magnificently in this world if one knows how to work and how to love, to work for the person one loves and to love one’s work.＂
1.What do we know about John?
A.He enjoyed his career and marriage.
B.He had few childhood playmates.
C.He received little love from his family.
D.He was envied by others in his childhood.
2.Vaillant’s words in Paragraph 2 serve as .
A.a description of personal values and social values
B.an analysis of how work was related to competence
C.an example for parents’ expectations of their children
D.an explanation why some boys grew into happy men
3.Vaillant’s team obtained their findings by .
A.recording the boys’ effort in school
B.evaluating the men’s mental health
C.comparing different sets of scores
D.measuring the men’s problem solving ability
4.What does the underlined word ＂sharp＂ probably mean in Paragraph 4?
A.Quick to react. B.Having a thin edge.
C.Clear and definite. D.Sudden and rapid.
5.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A.Competent adults know more about love than work.
B.Emotional health is essential to a wonderful adult life.
C.Love brings more joy to people than work does.
D.Independence is the key to one’s success.
