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People live in the present. They plan fo...

    People live in the present. They plan for the future. History, ______, is the study of the past. Given all the ______ and pressures that come from living in the present and ______ what is yet to come, why bother with what has been? Given all the available branches of knowledge, why insist - as most ______ systems do - on history? And why encourage many students to study even more history than they are _____ to?

Any subject of study needs to be______: supporters must explain why it is worth ______. Like most widely accepted _____, history attracts people who simply ______ the information and modes of thought involved. But for people who are less interested in the subject and more ______ about why they should bother with it, a clearer explanation of its purpose is required.

____ do not perform heart transplants, improve highway design, or arrest criminals. In a society that quite correctly expects education to serve ______ purposes, history’s functions can seem more ______ to determine than those of engineering or medicine. History is in fact very useful, actually _____, but the products of historical study are often less ______ and immediate than those of other subjects.

History helps us understand people, societies and how they ______. For example, how can we ______ past wars (and future threats) without using historical materials? Unfortunately, major aspects of a society’s operation cannot be set up as precise experiments. ______, history must serve, however imperfectly, as our ______, helping us understand who we are and why we do what we do. This, fundamentally, is why we cannot ______ history.

1.A.otherwise B.besides C.however D.therefore

2.A.causes B.demands C.choices D.orders

3.A.avoiding B.fearing C.celebrating D.expecting

4.A.financial B.social C.educational D.political

5.A.required B.invited C.forced D.permitted

6.A.introduced B.explored C.justified D.dropped

7.A.protection B.attention C.expectation D.mention

8.A.subjects B.concepts C.topics D.concerns

9.A.provide B.receive C.share D.like

10.A.doubtful B.worried C.thoughtful D.certain

11.A.Supporters B.Historians C.Audiences D.Teachers

12.A.public B.multiple C.different D.useful

13.A.difficult B.sensible C.secure D.beneficial

14.A.optional B.attractive C.accessible D.vital

15.A.valuable B.interesting C.obvious D.instructive

16.A.feel B.behave C.fight D.live

17.A.prevent B.remember C.evaluate D.declare

18.A.Consequently B.Alternatively C.Fortunately D.Admittedly

19.A.library B.laboratory C.clinic D.museum

20.A.make up for B.give in to C.get close to D.stay away from

 

1.C 2.B 3.D 4.C 5.A 6.C 7.B 8.A 9.D 10.A 11.B 12.D 13.A 14.D 15.C 16.B 17.C 18.A 19.B 20.D 【解析】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要向读者讲述了学习历史的重要性。 1.考查副词。句意:人们生活在当下,为将来做打算。然而历史是在学习过去。A. otherwise否则;B. besides 此外;C. however然而;D. therefore 因此。此句中the study of the past和前句中in the present和for the future形成对比,表示转折,故选C。 2.考查名词。句意:既然有生活在当下的所有的需求和压力,还要期待将来的事情,为什么要纠结于过去呢?A. causes 原因,事业;B. demands需求;C. choices 选择;D. orders 命令,订单。此处指的是当下的需求和压力,故选B。 3.考查形容词。句意:期待将要发生什么。A. avoiding 避免;B. fearing 害怕;C. celebrating 庆祝;D. expecting 期待,期望。宾语是what is yet to come,即将来的事情,故与动词expect期待搭配,故选D。 4.考查形容词。句意:既然有所有有用的知识分支,为什么还要像大多数教育系统那样坚持学习历史呢? A. financial 经济的;B. social 社会的;C. educational 教育的;D. political 政治的。学习历史是教育系统的事情,故选C。 5.考查动词。句意:为什么要鼓励学生学习除要求之外更多的历史知识呢?A. required 要求;B. invited 邀请;C. forced 强迫;D. permitted 允许。根据句中“even more history than they are ___5___ to”可知,学习除要求之外更多的历史,故选A。 6.考查动词。句意:任何学习的科目都需要证明其是合法的。A. introduced 介绍;B. explored 探索;C. justified 证明合法;D. dropped 掉下,减少。根据下文“supporters must explain why it is worth”可知,支持者们需要解释它为什么值得学习,故需要证明其是合法的,故选C。 7.考查名词。句意:支持者们必须解释它为什么值得被关注。A. protection 保护;B. attention 关注;C. expectation 期待;D. mention 提及。历史值得学习和关注,故选B。 8.考查名词。句意:像其他大多数被广泛接受的学科一样。A. subjects 学科;B. concepts 概念;C. topics 主题;D. concerns 关心,担心。根据后文history可知,此处指学科,故选A。 9.考查动词。句意:历史吸引着那些喜欢这些相关信息和思维模式的人。A. provide 提供;B. receive 接收;C. share 分享;D. like 喜欢。根据后文But for people who are less interested in the subject不喜欢历史的人,形成对比,此处为喜欢历史的人,故选D。 10.考查形容词。句意:但是对于那些对历史没那么感兴趣的人,对于他们为何要学习历史感到怀疑。A. doubtful 怀疑的;B. worried担忧的;C. thoughtful体贴的,关切的;D. certain 确信的。根据后文a clearer explanation of its purpose is required. 需要对其目的作出更清晰的解释。故那些人是怀疑的,故选A。 11.考查名词。句意:历史学家不做心脏移植手术,不改进公路设计,也不逮捕罪犯。A. Supporters 支持者;B. Historians历史学家;C. Audiences 观众;D. Teachers 教师。 本文是在讲历史的重要性,故主语为历史学家historians,故填B。 12.考查形容词。句意:在如今社会,十分期望教育服务于有用的目的,历史的功能似乎比工程或医学的功能更难确定。 A. public 公众的;B. multiple 多样的;C. different 不同的;D. useful 有用的。根据后文history’s function 可知,讲的是历史的有用性,故填D。 13.考查形容词。句意:历史的功能似乎比工程或医学的功能更难确定。A. difficult 困难的;B. sensible 合理的;C. secure 安全的;D. beneficial 有益的。相比于工程或医学,确定历史的具体用处似乎更加困难,故选A。 14.考查形容词。句意:历史实际上很有用,也很重要,历史实际上很有用,也很重要。 A. optional 可选择的;B. attractive 有吸引力的;C. accessible 可进入的,易理解的;D. vital 重要的。此处应与useful表并列,故填D。 15.考查形容词。句意:和其他学科相比,历史的产物似乎没有那么明显和即时。A. valuable 有价值的;B. interesting 有趣的;C. obvious 明显的;D. instructive 有益的。句中immediate可知,此处应强调历史的时效性,故填C。 16.考查动词。句意:历史帮助我们了解人民、社会以及他们是如何表现的。A. feel 感觉;B. behave 举止;C. fight 斗争;D. live 生活。根据下文的具体例子,可以判断出此处说的是人们是如何表现的,故选B。 17.考查动词。句意:比如,如果没有历史材料,我们将如何评估过去的战争(未来的威胁)?A. prevent 阻止;B. remember 记得;C. evaluate 评估;D. declare 宣布。此处说明历史对于今日的借鉴作用,故而是我们评价战争,故选C。 18.考查副词。句意:所以,历史就必将成为我们的实验室为我们服务。A. Consequently 因此;B. Alternatively 或者;C. Fortunately 幸运地是;D. Admittedly 诚然。分析上下文可知,前后两句为因果关系,故选A。 19.考查名词。句意:历史就必将成为我们的实验室为我们服务,帮我们理解我们是谁和我们做事的意义。A. library 图书馆; B. laboratory 实验室;C. clinic 诊所;D. museum 博物馆。根据上文experiments可知,此处应填B。 20.考查动词短语。句意:这就是从根本上讲,我们为什么不能远离历史。A. make up for 弥补;B. give in to 屈服;C. get close to 接近;D. stay away from 远离。文章末尾对本文主题进行点睛,说明历史的重要性,故填D。
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