Question

    Some English words are made up of the same part and have different beginnings and different endings, such as import, export, report and transport. All these words, you can see, have the same “port”, which come from the Latin word, meaning “to carry” or “to move” from one place to another. And according to the bit at the beginning, which we call the prefix the meaning changes. “Import” means “to carry in” or “to bring into a country”, “export”, “ex” means “out of”, so this word means “to carry out of the country”, “re” means “back”, so the “report” means “to tell somebody, to bring back information to somebody”, “transport”, “trans” means “across” and it means “to carry across one place to another”.

Let’s look at the following words: supporter, reporter, importer and exporter. You can see that in this case these words are nouns which are made up of the verbs plus a suffix, thus meaning a person who completes the verb. So supporter means somebody who supports. A reporter is somebody who reports. Importer is somebody who imports and exporter is somebody who exports, and so on.

1.In the first sentence the word “part” means _______.

A.different beginnings and different endings

B.the same part that has several meanings

C.the root of the word

D.the same root that has different meanings

2.By adding a prefix or a suffix to a root, we can get a word which has _______.

A.the meaning of a Latin word B.a different meaning

C.the meaning of “in” or “out of” D.a lot of meanings

3.We can get a noun _______.

A.just by adding “er” to verbs B.by changing a prefix

C.only by adding “er” to a root D.by adding a suffix to a verb

4.According to the passage, if we talk about a man of refinement, you may guess that he must be _______.

A.a man having good manners and education

B.a person who should be educated

C.somebody having bad manners

D.a person punished by somebody else

Answer

1.C

2.B

3.D

4.A

【解析】

本文是一篇说明文。有些英语单词是由相同的部分组成，有不同的开头和结尾。文章通过列举一些单词介绍了英语中的构词法。

1.词义猜测题。根据第一段中的Some English words are made up of the same part and have different beginnings and different endings, such as import, export, report and transport. All these words, you can see, have the same “port”, which come from the Latin word, meaning “to carry” or “to move” from one place to another.可知，有些英语单词是由相同的部分组成，有不同的开头和结尾，如import，export，report和transport。你可以看到，所有这些词都有相同的“port”，这个词来自拉丁语，意思是“携带”或“移动”，从一个地方到另一个地方。由此可知，第一句中的part指的是单词的词根。故选C。

2.细节理解题。根据第一段中的And according to the bit at the beginning, which we call the prefix the meaning changes.(根据开头的位，我们称之为前缀，意思就改变了)及第二段中的You can see that in this case these words are nouns which are made up of the verbs plus a suffix, thus meaning a person who completes the verb.(你可以看到，在这种情况下，这些词是由动词加上后缀组成的名词，因此，意思是完成动词的人)可知，通过给词根加上前缀或后缀，我们可以得到一个意思不同的词。故选B。

3.细节理解题。根据第二段中的You can see that in this case these words are nouns which are made up of the verbs plus a suffix, thus meaning a person who completes the verb.(你可以看到，在这种情况下，这些词是由动词加上后缀组成的名词，因此，意思是完成动词的人)可知，我们可以在动词后加后缀来得到名词。故选D。

4.推理判断题。根据第一段中的“re” means “back”, so the “report” means “to tell somebody, to bring back information to somebody”(“re”的意思是“回来”，所以“报告”的意思是“告诉某人，把信息带给某人”)可知，前缀re的意思是“回来”。fine“好的，优良的”，添加前缀re后，成为动词refine“改善，使……文雅”。再根据You can see that in this case these words are nouns which are made up of the verbs plus a suffix, thus meaning a person who completes the verb.(你可以看到，在这种情况下，这些词是由动词加上后缀组成的名词，因此，意思是完成动词的人)可知，动词加上后缀后可以组成名词，即refinement意为“改善，有教养”。由此推知，根据这篇文章，如果我们谈论一个有教养的人，你可能会猜测他一定是一个有礼貌和受过教育的人。故选A。