Back in November 1988, Robert Tappan Morris was a 20-something graduate student at Cornell who wanted to know how big the Internet was- that is, how many computers were connected to it. So he wrote a program that would travel from computer to computer and ask each machine to send a signal back to a control server, which would keep count. That was how the world’s first cyber (网络) attack set the stage for modern cyber security challenges.
The program worked well. Morris had known that if it traveled too fast there might be problems, but the limits he built in weren’t enough to keep the program from blocking up large sections of the Internet, both copying itself to new machines and sending those pings (电子脉冲) back, When he realized what was happening, even his messages warning system administrators about the problem couldn’t get through. Large numbers of Internet-connected computers are told to send lots of traffic to one particular address, overloading it with so much activity that either the system shuts down or its network connections are completely blocked. Morris’s program is now known as the “Morris worm”.
Worms and viruses are similar, but different in one key way: A virus needs a command, from a user or a hacker (黑客), to run its program. A worm, by contrast, hits the ground running all on its own. For example. even if you never open your email program, a worm that gets onto your computer might email a copy of itself to everyone in your address book.
In a time when few people were concerned about harmful software and nobody had protective software in his computer, the Morris worm spread quickly. It took 72 hours for researchers at Purdue and Berkeley to stop the worm. It affected tens of thousands of systems, Cleaning up the infection cost hundreds or thousands of dollars for each affected machine.
Morris wasn’t trying to destroy the Internet, but he was sentenced t0 three years of probation (缓刑) and a roughly US $ 10.000 fine. In the late 1990s, though. he became a dot-com millionaire- and is now a professor at MIT.
1.What is Morris’s intention 1o write the program known now as the “Morris worm”?
A.To test the effect of protective software.
B.To start a harmful attack on the Internet.
C.To see how well a program can work on the Internet.
D.To get the number of the computers connected to the Internet.
2.What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A.What loss the problem caused.
B.How the problem was dealt with.
C.How the unexpected problem came about.
D.What Morris did to prevent the problem from expanding.
3.What does the underlined part “hits the ground” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A.Copies itself. B.Gets on the Internet.
C.Gets the user’s command. D.Copies your email address book.
4.What happened to Morris after the attack?
A.He was punished for it. B.He invented a protective software.
C.He got help from a millionaire. D.He was asked to clear up the Internet.
I grew up in California but have spent about four years living in various parts of the UK. The first thing I noticed was that my West-Midlands host family did not sound like the queen. I’ve since learnt that accents change almost every five miles. As far as America goes. I can tell the West Coast from the East or the South, but I can’t tell you a state, much less a county (郡).
The next thing I couldn’t imagine was the quiet, stare-ahead norm of public transportation- if you talk to somebody on the Tube, you’re probably a serial killer or a lost tourist.
I’ve had to deal with the Tube from Heathrow to Victoria with heavy bags more times and Victoria Station is not exactly tourist friendly. Each time I’ve had someone walk up and ask to help with my bags. Not once have they been English. In America, at least from what I’ve experienced, people will start a chat if they see you’re travelling by yourself, and I always immediately have someone taller offer to put my things in an overhead bin (行李箱).
Opening hours-especially Sunday trading laws have also taken so much to get used to. In America, 24/7 fast food, grocery stores. petrol stations, etc. are the norm. In my first year in the UK,I forgot it was Easter Sunday, and went into town at 2：00 pm. Imagine my surprise when 1 found the city center was deserted, and there wasn’t a single car at Tesco. Approaching the building, I saw a large sign announcing opening times. I had to make do with plain bread until 9：00 am Monday, when I’d be able to pay for groceries again.
Speaking of groceries, it took so many people telling me I was crazy to convince me to eat eggs here- they’re not refrigerated, and they’ll often have bits of feather or chicken waste on the outside. 1 am now aware that they ‘re safe, but coming from a childhood of perfectly clean, white, large AAA eggs, I was convinced I’d die a terrible salmonella (沙门氏菌) death.
1.What’s the author’s impression of the transportation of the UK?
A.It’s very dangerous to use public transportations.
B.It’s easy for a tourist 10 get lost on public transportations.
C.British people willingly offer help on public transportations.
D.British people don’t talk to each other on public transportations.
2.What happened on Easter Sunday in the author’s first year in the UK?
A.He left the city center. B.He failed to buy any food.
C.A supermarket closed down. D.A restaurant opened in a tall building.
3.What is a good suggestion to a foreigner in the UK?
A.Try to speak like the queen.
B.Avoid eating unhealthy eggs.
C.Store some plain bread in the fridge.
D.Pay attention to the opening hours of the shops.
4.What’s the best title for the text?
A.How to Get Used to Life in the UK
B.What do I Find Strange about the UK
C.How Difficult It Is to Travel in the UK
D.What Can a Foreigner Expect in the UK
It was back in 2014. I learned I needed an operation to remove the tumor (肿瘤). Hearing the word “cancer” was the first shock, but knowing the surgeon would have to cut the front of my neck open was a lot to swallow. I was relieved to learn that thyroid (甲状腺) cancer can be treated if caught early, but 1 wasn’t thrilled it would mean a lifelong scar front and center on my neck.
Back at home, I looked at my reflection in the mirror. I admired my neck, running my finger across a delicate gold chain I wore. Then came a tiny voice, “Mommy!” My then five year -old son. Jack, appeared in the mirror behind me. Our reflection was a big reality check. See, my son didn’t know I had been diagnosed (诊断) with the Big C, or that I was having an operation. I patiently explained my condition to him and told him I would have a scar on my neck after the operation.
I never had any intentions of hiding the scar. I didn’t want my son to think my scar was something to be ashamed of. I was his role model and I needed to set a good example. Bad things can happen, but it’s how you deal with them that matters.
The operation was successful. The recovery process, bearing it all, in the grocery store, out to dinner with family and on the summer camp pickup line, made me realize, if I could get through this phase (阶段),I could bear the scar of survival forever. The scar proves I looked at fear in the face and won.
People will ask about my scar even though it’s a very thin. dull line five years later. That means I have the chance to educate others about thyroid cancer and how they should. self-check their necks and remind their doctors to do the same, at yearly physicals. To me, the scar is like a superhero stamp.
1.What’s the author worried about before the operation?
A.Her neck would look ugly. B.The tumor couldn’t be removed.
C.Jack couldn’t take care of himself. D.She would have difficulty swallowing.
2.Why did the author decide to face the reality bravely?
A.She didn’t care how people liked her.
B.She realized she didn’t have other choice.
C.She wanted to set a good example to her son.
D.She felt lucky to have her cancer caught early.
3.How does the recovery process turn out?
A.Regretful. B.Stressful.
C.Surprising. D.Meaningful.
4.What can be inferred about the author from the last paragraph?
A.She has a better chance of education.
B.She feels proud of what she has done.
C.She has become an expert in cancer treatment.
D.She has suffered [rom poor health for five years.
World Heritage Sites (遗址) You Need to Visit
Los Glaciares National Park
Located in the southwest of Santa Cruz province of the Argentine part of Patagonia in a remote area known as the Austral Andes, Los Glaciares National Park is a heaven of mountains lakes. and countless glaciers ( 冰川) that cover half the 600, 000-hectare expanse. Travelling through this amazing scenery is a once- in-a-lifetime experience.
Jeronimos Monastery
Travel to the Belem district at the entrance to the port of Lisbon to find the Jeronimos Monastery, which dates back to the 15th century. This highly religious building was constructed and donated to the monks (和尚) of Saint Hieronymus to pray for sailors on their voyages. It’s the characteristic of Portuguese Gothic style.
Old Québec
Founded by the French explorer Samuel de Champlain in 1608, Québec is among the oldest settlements in North America and one of the most popular travel destinations in Canada. Centuries-old attraction is on full display in its perfectly preserved historic district, a shining example of a city built by early settlers with stone paths, churches. And landmarks like Chateau Frontenac and Place Royale.
Angkor Wat
Exploring Angkor Wat in Siem Reap, Cambodia lops our list of unforgettable trips that won’t break the bank. It is part of one of the most significant archaeological (考古的) sites in Southeast Asia in the ancient capital of the Khmer Empire, from the 9th to the 14th century. This great temple complex was originally constructed as a place of showing respect to the god Vishnu and is the largest religious structure on the planet !
1.If you’re interested in natural scenery, which of the four places would you visit?
A.Los Glaciares National Park. B.Jeronimos Monastery.
C.Old Québec. D.Angkor Wat.
2.Which of the following are religious sites?
A.Old Québce and Angkor Wat.
B.Jeronimos Monastery and Old Québec.
C.Jeronimos Monastery and Angkor Wat.
D.Los Glaciarcs National Park and Jeronimos Monastery.
3.What can a traveler to Angkor Wat expect?
A.Mountain views. B.Great voyages.
C.Gothic style landmarks. D.Low expenses.
假定你是李华，你校网站准备面向在华外籍高中生举办一次《我眼中的中国》征文活动。请你给在某国际学校就读的你的好友Eric发一封电子邮件告知此事，并鼓励他投稿。内容包括：
1．语言：英文或中文
2．截止时间：2020年5月1日
3．联系方式：editingcentre@163.com
注意：1.词数100左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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单句语法填空
1.He called the police because he was ___________ (concern) for Bill’s safety.
2.Now that my son is more ___________ (dependent), I have more time for myself.
3.No one was hurt, and we all breathed a sigh of __________ (宽慰).
4.The paperless office may one day become a __________ (现实).
5.Public places are becoming more accessible to people with __________ (disable).
6.There has still been no official __________ (confirm) of the report.
7.The government needs a more _________ (灵活的) approach to education.
8._________ (贴) a recent photograph to your application form.
9.The company isn’t ___________ (有能力的) of handling so large an order.
10.Now, you are _________ (forgive) for what you did.
