Question

    When I was a kid, we were out and about all the time, playing with our friends, in and out of each other’s houses, sandwich in pocket, making our own _______. Our parents _______ saw us from morning to night. We didn't have much stuff, but we came and went as we liked. ” This is roughly what you will _______ if you ask anyone over 30 about their _______ in a rich country.

Today such children will spend most of their time _______, often with parents rather than with friends, be supervised (监管) more closely, be driven everywhere _______ walking or cycling, take part in many more _______ activities, and probably engage with a screen of some kind. All this is done with the best of _______. Parents intend to protect their offspring from traffic, crime and other dangers, and to give them every opportunity to _______.

The children themselves seem fairly ________ with their lives. In a survey across the OECD, 15-year-olds were asked to ________ their satisfaction with their life on a scale from zero to ten. The ________ score was 7.3, with Finnish kids the ________ at nearly 7.9, and Turkish ones the gloomiest (灰暗的), at 6.1.

________, that is not surprising. ________ parents these days, especially in America, invest a huge amount of time and money in their children to ensure that they will do ________ as well as the parents themselves have done, and preferably better. Those ________ and extra tutoring, music lessons and educational visits, together with lively discussions at home have proved effective at securing the good ________ that will open the doors to top universities and well-paid jobs. But working-class parents in America, for their part, ________ the means to engage in such intensive parenting. As a result, social divisions from one generation to the next are set to ________. A recent report by the World Bank showed    that intergenerational social mobility in America is now among the lowest in all rich countries.

1.A.plans B.schedule C.decisions D.entertainment

2.A.often B.hardly C.willingly D.reluctantly

3.A.say B.cite C.hear D.mention

4.A.study B.hobby C.family D.childhood

5.A.alone B.socially C.indoors D.outdoors

6.A.instead of B.regardless of C.due to D.next to

7.A.casual B.desired C.organized D.physical

8.A.rewards B.intentions C.guidance D.discipline

9.A.risk B.fail C.relax D.succeed

10.A.happy B.bored C.familiar D.unsatisfied

11.A.rate B.predict C.anticipate D.connect

12.A.final B.average C.minimum D.maximum

13.A.lowest B.poorest C.funniest D.sunniest

14.A.However B.Therefore C.Unluckily D.Hopefully

15.A.Rich B.Poor C.Kind D.Strict

16.A.at most B.at last C.at first D.at least

17.A.dull B.limited C.endless D.meaningless

18.A.fame B.grades C.positions D.identity

19.A.deny B.lack C.possess D.require

20.A.appear B.shorten C.disappear D.broaden

Answer

1.A

2.B

3.C

4.D

5.C

6.A

7.C

8.C

9.D

10.D

11.A

12.B

13.D

14.A

15.A

16.D

17.C

18.B

19.B

20.D

【解析】

这是一篇议论文。文章以作者的童年为切入点，主要讲述了越是富裕国家的孩子，越觉得生活不幸福，因为他们要在父母的监管下上很多课程，以实现父母希望他们至少和自己做的一样好的愿望。同时，这也会导致社会分化的加剧，因为一般工薪阶层的父母没有办法让孩子接触到好的教育。

1.考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我还是孩子的时候，我们总是在外面和朋友玩耍，这家那家到处乱串，口袋里装着三明治，自己做安排。A. plans计划，安排；B. schedule日程；C. decisions决定；D. entertainment娱乐。根据下文的be supervised (监管) more closely可知作者小时候都是自己安排自己的事情，与现在的孩子大不相同。故选A项。

2.考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们的父母几乎从早到晚都看不到我们。A. often常常；B. hardly几乎不；C. willingly乐意地；D. reluctantly不情愿地。根据上文的we were out and about all the time可知作者和小伙伴一整天都在外面，故此处用“父母几乎看不到我们”符合语境，故选B项。

3.考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你问任何一个超过30岁、生活在富裕的国家的人他们的童年时，你几乎会听到这样的答案。A. say说；B. cite引用；C. hear听见；D. mention提到。根据上文的We didn't have much stuff, but we came and went as we liked.可知这是他们的回答，故此处用“听到”符合语境，故选C项。

4.考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. study学习；B. hobby爱好；C. family家庭；D. childhood童年。根据上文的When I was a kid可知此处用“童年”符合语境，故选D项。

5.考查副词词义辨析。句意：今天，孩子们大部分时间都待在室内，通常是和成年人而不是兄弟姐妹或朋友在一起，被更密切地监督，去哪里都有车接送而不是自己走路或骑车，参加多得多的有组织的活动，还很可能每天都要花几个小时在某种屏幕前面。A. alone独自地；B. socially 社交性地；C. indoors室内；D. outdoors户外。结合上下文可知，本句把现在的孩子和以前的孩子做对比，根据上文的we were out and about all the time可知此处用“室内”符合语境，故选C项。

6.考查介词短语辨析。句意：同上。A. instead of而不是；B. regardless of 不管；C. due to由于；D. next to靠近。结合句意可知，此处是指现在的孩子无论去什么地方都是乘车，而不是步行或骑车，故选A项。

7.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. casual 随意的；B. desired渴望的；C. organized有组织的；D. physical身体的。根据上文的making our own ___1___可知以前的孩子都是自己玩，相比之下现在的孩子几乎都是参加有组织的活动，故选C项。

8.考查名词词义辨析。句意：所有的这些都是在最好的引导下进行的。A. rewards回报；B. intentions意图；C. guidance 指导，引导；D. discipline纪律。根据上文内容可知，现在的孩子都是在父母的监管下参加有组织的活动，故此处用“引导”符合语境，故选C项。

9.考查动词词义辨析。句意：父母计划保护他们的孩子不受到交通、犯罪或其它危险的伤害，并且给他们每一个可以成功的机会。A. risk冒险；B. fail失败；C. relax放松；D. succeed成功。结合上下文可知，父母知所以监管孩子、让他们参加有组织的活动是为了让他们可以成功，故选D项。

10.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：孩子们似乎对他们的生活也感到非常不满意。A. happy幸福的；B. bored无聊的；C. familiar熟悉的；D. unsatisfied不满意的。根据下文的Turkish ones the gloomiest (灰暗的), at 6.1.可知此处用“不满意”符合语境，故选D项。

11.考查动词词义辨析。句意：在经合组织国家做了一个调查，15岁的孩子被要求给他们生活的满意度评分，从0分到10分。A. rate看待；B. predict预测；C. anticipate预料；D. connect连接。根据下文的on a scale from zero to ten可知此处用“打分”符合语境，故选A项。

12.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：平均分是7.3分，芬兰的孩子最阳光，平均几乎7.9分，土尔耳其小孩最忧愁，平均6.1分。A. final最后的；B. average平均的；C. minimum最小的；D. maximum最大的。根据下文可知，此处先说总的平均分，在分别说最高的和最低的分，故选B项。

13.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. lowest最低的；B. poorest最穷的；C. funniest最滑稽的；D. sunniest最阳光的。根据下文的Turkish ones the gloomiest (灰暗的)可知此处用“最阳光的”符合语境，gloomiest和sunniest是反义词复现，故选D项。

14.考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，这并不让人意外。A. However 然而；B. Therefore因此；C. Unluckily不幸地；D. Hopefully充满希望地。结合上下文可知，富裕国家孩子反而对生活不满意，下文解释了原因，此处用“然而”符合语境，故选A项。

15.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最近，有钱的父母，尤其在美国，在孩子身上投入了大量的时间和金钱，来确保他们至少可以和父母做得一样好，最好是做得更好。A. Rich有钱的；B. Poor 穷的；C. Kind善良的；D. Strict严格的。根据下文的invest a huge amount of time and money可知此处用“有钱的父母”符合语境，故选A项。

16.考查副词短语辨析。句意：同上。A. at most至多；B. at last 最后；C. at first首先； D. at least至少。根据 preferably better.可知，此处是指他们对孩子的最低要求就是要做得和他们自己一样好，故用“至少”符合语境，故选D项。

17.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那些无休止的额外辅导、音乐课、体育锻炼和各种教育参观之旅，以及在家里热烈讨论天底下的每个话题，已经证明非常有效地确保了良好的成绩和社交礼节，打开了通向顶尖大学和高薪工作的大门。。A. dull无聊的；B. limited有限的；C. endless无数的；D. meaningless无意义的。根据上文的invest a huge amount of time可推测这些孩子上了各种各样数目繁多的课，故此处用“无数的”符合语境，故选C项。

18.考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. fame名声；B. grades成绩；C. positions位置；D. identity身份。根据will open the doors to top universities and well-paid jobs.可知，此处是指确保上顶尖大学的分数，故选B项。

19.考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是美国的工薪阶层父母则缺乏必要的资金来如此细心地养育孩子。A. deny否认；B. lack缺乏；C. possess拥有；D. require要求。根据But working-class parents in America，此处是指工薪阶层的父母没有可以大量投入孩子进行密集学习的资金，故用“缺乏”符合语境，故选B项。

20.考查动词词义辨析。句意：其结果是，从一代人到下一代人的社会分裂必将扩大。A. appear 出现；B. shorten缩短；C. disappear消失；D. broaden扩大。结合上文内容可知，富裕人家的孩子接受好的教育，找到高薪工作，而穷人家的孩子没有接受好的教育，找不到好的工作，按这样的规律循环下去，一代一代人之间社会分裂必将扩大，故选D项。